SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON,
DC 20549
FORM
10-Q
x QUARTERLY
REPORT
PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
For
the quarterly period ended JUNE 30, 2005
or
o TRANSITION
REPORT
PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES
EXCHANGE
ACT OF 1934
For
the transition period from ____________________ to
____________________
Commission
file number: 0-30141
LIVEPERSON,
INC.
|
(Exact
Name of Registrant as Specified in Its
Charter)
|
DELAWARE
|
|
13-3861628
|
(State
or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation
or Organization)
|
|
(IRS
Employer Identification No.)
|
462
SEVENTH AVENUE, 21ST FLOOR
NEW
YORK, NEW YORK
|
|
10018
|
(Address
of Principal Executive Offices)
|
|
(Zip
Code)
|
(212)
609-4200
|
(Registrant’s
Telephone Number, Including Area
Code)
|
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant:
(1) has
filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period
that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject
to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes
|X|
No | |
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in
Rule
12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes
|X|
No | |
As
of
August 2, 2005, there were 37,518,195 shares of the issuer’s common stock
outstanding.
LIVEPERSON,
INC.
JUNE
30, 2005
FORM
10-Q
INDEX
PAGE
|
|
PART
I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
|
4
|
|
|
ITEM
1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
4
|
|
|
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF JUNE 30, 2005 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER
31, 2004
|
4
|
|
|
UNAUDITED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME FOR THE THREE AND SIX
MONTHS
ENDED JUNE 30, 2005 AND 2004
|
5
|
|
|
UNAUDITED
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE SIX MONTHS
ENDED
JUNE 30, 2005 AND 2004
|
6
|
|
|
NOTES
TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
|
7
|
|
|
ITEM
2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
|
12
|
|
|
ITEM
3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET
RISK
|
29
|
|
|
ITEM
4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
|
29
|
|
|
PART
II. OTHER INFORMATION
|
29
|
|
|
ITEM
4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
|
29
|
|
|
ITEM
6. EXHIBITS
|
30
|
|
|
FORWARD-LOOKING
STATEMENTS
STATEMENTS
IN THIS REPORT ABOUT LIVEPERSON, INC. THAT ARE NOT HISTORICAL FACTS ARE
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS BASED ON OUR CURRENT EXPECTATIONS, ASSUMPTIONS,
ESTIMATES AND PROJECTIONS ABOUT LIVEPERSON AND OUR INDUSTRY. THESE
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS ARE SUBJECT TO RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES THAT COULD
CAUSE ACTUAL FUTURE EVENTS OR RESULTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM SUCH STATEMENTS.
ANY SUCH FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS ARE MADE PURSUANT TO THE SAFE HARBOR
PROVISIONS OF THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995. IT IS
ROUTINE FOR OUR INTERNAL PROJECTIONS AND EXPECTATIONS TO CHANGE AS THE YEAR
OR
EACH QUARTER IN THE YEAR PROGRESS, AND THEREFORE IT SHOULD BE CLEARLY UNDERSTOOD
THAT THE INTERNAL PROJECTIONS AND BELIEFS UPON WHICH WE BASE OUR EXPECTATIONS
MAY CHANGE PRIOR TO THE END OF EACH QUARTER OR THE YEAR. ALTHOUGH THESE
EXPECTATIONS MAY CHANGE, WE ARE UNDER NO OBLIGATION TO INFORM YOU IF THEY DO.
OUR COMPANY POLICY IS GENERALLY TO PROVIDE OUR EXPECTATIONS ONLY ONCE PER
QUARTER, AND NOT TO UPDATE THAT INFORMATION UNTIL THE NEXT QUARTER. ACTUAL
EVENTS OR RESULTS MAY DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE CONTAINED IN THE PROJECTIONS
OR FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. FACTORS THAT COULD CAUSE OR CONTRIBUTE TO SUCH
DIFFERENCES INCLUDE THOSE DISCUSSED IN THE SECTION CAPTIONED “MANAGEMENT’S
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS—RISK
FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT FUTURE RESULTS.”
PART
I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM
1. CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
LIVEPERSON,
INC.
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(IN
THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
|
|
June
30,
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
2004
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited)
|
|
(Note
1(B))
|
|
ASSETS
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current
assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
13,185
|
|
$
|
12,425
|
|
Accounts
receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $84 and $54
as of
June 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, respectively
|
|
|
2,037
|
|
|
1,641
|
|
Prepaid
expenses and other current assets
|
|
|
756
|
|
|
475
|
|
Total
current assets
|
|
|
15,978
|
|
|
14,541
|
|
Property
and equipment, net
|
|
|
518
|
|
|
384
|
|
Intangibles,
net
|
|
|
1,254
|
|
|
1,721
|
|
Security
deposits
|
|
|
166
|
|
|
166
|
|
Other
assets
|
|
|
383
|
|
|
338
|
|
Total
assets
|
|
$
|
18,299
|
|
$
|
17,150
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES
AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current
liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts
payable
|
|
$
|
184
|
|
$
|
262
|
|
Accrued
expenses
|
|
|
1,373
|
|
|
1,666
|
|
Deferred
revenue
|
|
|
1,680
|
|
|
1,330
|
|
Total
current liabilities
|
|
|
3,237
|
|
|
3,258
|
|
Other
liabilities
|
|
|
383
|
|
|
338
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Commitments
and contingencies
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders’
equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred
stock, $.001 par value per share; 5,000,000 shares authorized, 0
shares
issued and outstanding at June 30, 2005 and December 31,
2004
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
--
|
|
Common
stock, $.001 par value per share; 100,000,000 shares authorized,
37,518,195 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2005 and 37,380,732
shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2004
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
37
|
|
Additional
paid-in capital
|
|
|
117,859
|
|
|
117,440
|
|
Accumulated
deficit
|
|
|
(103,218
|
)
|
|
(103,923
|
)
|
Total
stockholders’ equity
|
|
|
14,679
|
|
|
13,554
|
|
Total
liabilities and stockholders’ equity
|
|
$
|
18,299
|
|
$
|
17,150
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SEE
ACCOMPANYING NOTES TO UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
LIVEPERSON,
INC.
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(IN
THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
UNAUDITED
|
|
Three
Months
Ended
|
|
Six
Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June
30,
|
|
June
30,
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
2004
|
|
2005
|
|
2004
|
|
Revenue
|
|
$
|
5,283
|
|
$
|
4,342
|
|
$
|
10,237
|
|
$
|
8,414
|
|
Operating
expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost
of revenue
|
|
|
1,019
|
|
|
694
|
|
|
1,882
|
|
|
1,386
|
|
Product
development expense
|
|
|
688
|
|
|
516
|
|
|
1,363
|
|
|
955
|
|
Sales
and marketing expense
|
|
|
1,690
|
|
|
1,240
|
|
|
3,175
|
|
|
2,394
|
|
General
and administrative expense
|
|
|
1,096
|
|
|
988
|
|
|
2,367
|
|
|
1,909
|
|
Amortization
of intangibles
|
|
|
232
|
|
|
179
|
|
|
467
|
|
|
358
|
|
Total
operating expenses
|
|
|
4,725
|
|
|
3,617
|
|
|
9,254
|
|
|
7,002
|
|
Income
from operations
|
|
|
558
|
|
|
725
|
|
|
983
|
|
|
1,412
|
|
Other
income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
income
|
|
|
59
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
102
|
|
|
23
|
|
Total
other income
|
|
|
59
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
102
|
|
|
23
|
|
Income
before provision for income taxes
|
|
|
617
|
|
|
736
|
|
|
1,085
|
|
|
1,435
|
|
Provision
for income taxes
|
|
|
216
|
|
|
33
|
|
|
380
|
|
|
33
|
|
Net
income
|
|
$
|
401
|
|
$
|
703
|
|
$
|
705
|
|
$
|
1,402
|
|
Basic
net income per common share
|
|
$
|
0.01
|
|
$
|
0.02
|
|
$
|
0.02
|
|
$
|
0.04
|
|
Diluted
net income per common share
|
|
$
|
0.01
|
|
$
|
0.02
|
|
$
|
0.02
|
|
$
|
0.04
|
|
Weighted
average shares outstanding used in basic net income per common share
calculation
|
|
|
37,487,015
|
|
|
37,318,804
|
|
|
37,460,574
|
|
|
37,164,618
|
|
Weighted
average shares outstanding used in diluted net income per common
share
calculation
|
|
|
39,400,983
|
|
|
39,590,800
|
|
|
39,408,879
|
|
|
39,508,521
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
SEE
ACCOMPANYING NOTES TO UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.LIVEPERSON,
INC.
LIVEPERSON,
INC.
CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(IN
THOUSANDS)
UNAUDITED
|
|
|
|
|
|
Six
Months Ended
|
|
|
|
June
30,
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
2004
|
|
CASH
FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
income
|
|
$
|
705
|
|
$
|
1,402
|
|
Adjustments
to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating
activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-cash
compensation expense
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
129
|
|
Depreciation
|
|
|
92
|
|
|
116
|
|
Amortization
of intangibles
|
|
|
467
|
|
|
358
|
|
Deferred
income taxes
|
|
|
353
|
|
|
--
|
|
Provision
for doubtful accounts, net
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CHANGES
IN OPERATING ASSETS AND LIABILITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts
receivable
|
|
|
(426
|
)
|
|
127
|
|
Prepaid
expenses and other current assets
|
|
|
(281
|
)
|
|
(290
|
)
|
Accounts
payable
|
|
|
(78
|
)
|
|
68
|
|
Accrued
expenses
|
|
|
(293
|
)
|
|
(1,132
|
)
|
Deferred
revenue
|
|
|
350
|
|
|
(77
|
)
|
Net
cash provided by operating activities
|
|
|
919
|
|
|
716
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH
FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchases
of property and equipment, including capitalized software
|
|
|
(225
|
)
|
|
(266
|
)
|
Acquisition
costs
|
|
|
--
|
|
|
(8
|
)
|
Net
cash used in investing activities
|
|
|
(225
|
)
|
|
(274
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CASH
FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds
from issuance of common stock in connection with the exercise of
options
|
|
|
66
|
|
|
69
|
|
Net
cash provided by financing activities
|
|
|
66
|
|
|
69
|
|
Net
increase in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
760
|
|
|
511
|
|
Cash
and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period
|
|
|
12,425
|
|
|
10,898
|
|
Cash
and cash equivalents at the end of the period
|
|
$
|
13,185
|
|
$
|
11,409
|
|
Supplemental
Disclosures:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
paid during the period for:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income
taxes
|
|
$
|
30
|
|
$
|
33
|
|
Supplemental
Disclosure of Non-cash Investing Activities:
During
the six months ended June 30, 2004, the Company issued 370,894 shares of common
stock in connection with the acquisition of certain identifiable assets of
Island Data Corporation.
SEE
ACCOMPANYING NOTES TO UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED
CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.
LIVEPERSON,
INC.
NOTES
TO UNAUDITED INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
(IN
THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
(1) |
SUMMARY
OF OPERATIONS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING
POLICIES
|
|
(A) |
SUMMARY
OF OPERATIONS
|
LivePerson,
Inc. (the “Company” or “LivePerson”) was incorporated in the State of Delaware
in 1995. The Company commenced operations in 1996. LivePerson is a provider
of
hosted software solutions for online communications. LivePerson’s
fully-integrated multi-channel communications platform, Timpani, enables
companies to monitor website traffic, to identify likely buyers based on online
behavior and to proactively engage those visitors primarily via text-based
chat.
The Company’s technology supports and manages all online interactions—chat,
email and self-service/knowledgebase.
The
Company’s primary revenue source is from the sale of the LivePerson services
under the brand name Timpani, which is conducted within one operating segment.
The Company’s product development staff, help desk and online sales support are
located in Israel.
|
(B) |
UNAUDITED
INTERIM CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
INFORMATION
|
The
accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of June
30,
2005 and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004 are
unaudited. In the opinion of management, the unaudited interim condensed
consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the
annual financial statements and reflect all adjustments, which include only
normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the consolidated
financial position of LivePerson as of June 30, 2005, and the consolidated
results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods ended June 30,
2005
and 2004. The financial data and other information disclosed in these notes
to
the condensed consolidated financial statements related to these periods are
unaudited. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily
indicative of the results of operations for any other future interim period
or
for a full fiscal year. The condensed consolidated balance sheet at December
31,
2004 has been derived from audited consolidated financial statements at that
date.
Certain
information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements
prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been
condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities
and
Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). These unaudited interim condensed consolidated
financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited
consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December
31, 2004, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the
SEC on March 16, 2005, as amended on May 2, 2005.
The
Company charges a monthly fee, which varies by service and client usage. Certain
of the Company’s larger clients, who require more sophisticated implementation
and training, may also pay an initial non-refundable set-up fee and professional
service fees related to implementation. The Company also occasionally charges
professional service fees related to additional training and business consulting
and analysis.
The
initial set-up fee is intended to recover certain costs (principally customer
service, training and other administrative costs) prior to the deployment of
the
LivePerson services. Such fees are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized
ratably over a period of 24 months, representing the estimated term of the
client relationships. Although the Company believes this estimate is reasonable,
this estimate may change in the future. In instances where the Company does
charge a set-up fee, the Company typically does not charge an additional set-up
fee if an existing client adds more services. Unamortized deferred fees, if
any,
are recognized upon termination of the agreement with the customer. The Company
recognized set-up fees due to client attrition of $1 and $1 in the three and
six
months ended June 30, 2005, respectively, and $0 and $2 in the three and six
months ended June 30, 2004, respectively.
The
Company also sells certain of the LivePerson Timpani services directly via
Internet download. These services are marketed as Timpani SB for small- and
medium-sized businesses, and are paid for almost exclusively by credit card.
Credit card payments accelerate cash flow and reduce the Company’s collection
risk, subject to the merchant bank’s right to hold back cash pending settlement
of the transactions. Sales of Timpani SB may occur with or without the
assistance of an online sales representative, rather than through face-to-face
or telephone contact that is typically required for traditional direct sales.
These sales typically have no set-up fee, because the Company does not provide
the customer with training and administrative costs are minimal.
The
Company records revenue based upon a monthly fee charged for the LivePerson
services, provided that no significant Company obligations remain and collection
of the resulting receivable is probable. The Company recognizes monthly service
fees as services are provided. The Company’s service agreements typically have
no termination date and are terminable upon 30 to 90 days’ notice without
penalty. The Company recognizes professional service fees upon completion and
customer acceptance of the professional service engagement.
|
(D) |
STOCK-BASED
COMPENSATION
|
The
Company applies the intrinsic value-based method of accounting prescribed by
Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued
to Employees,” and related interpretations including Financial Accounting
Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation No. 44, “Accounting for Certain
Transactions Involving Stock Compensation: An Interpretation of APB Opinion
No.
25” (issued in March 2000), to account for its fixed plan stock options. Under
this method, compensation expense is recorded on the date of grant only if
the
current market price of the underlying stock exceeded the exercise price.
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 123, “Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation,” and SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation - Transition and Disclosure” (an amendment to SFAS No. 123),
established accounting and disclosure requirements using a fair value-based
method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation plans. As permitted
by existing accounting standards, the Company has elected to continue to apply
the intrinsic value-based method of accounting described above, and has adopted
the disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 123, as amended by SFAS No. 148. The
Company amortizes deferred compensation on a graded vesting methodology in
accordance with FASB Interpretation No. 28, “Accounting for Stock Appreciation
Rights and Other Variable Stock Award Plans.”
The
Company applies APB Opinion No. 25 and related interpretations in accounting
for
its stock option grants to employees. Accordingly, except as mentioned below,
no
compensation expense has been recognized relating to these stock option grants
in the consolidated financial statements. Had compensation cost for the
Company’s stock option grants been determined based on the fair value at the
grant date for awards consistent with the method of SFAS No. 123, the Company’s
net income attributable to common stockholders for the three and six months
ended June 30, 2005 and 2004 would have decreased to the pro forma amounts
presented below. The Company did not have any employee stock options outstanding
prior to January 1, 1998.
|
|
Three
Months Ended
June
30,
|
|
Six
Months Ended
June
30,
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
2004
|
|
2005
|
|
2004
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
income as reported
|
|
$
|
401
|
|
$
|
703
|
|
$
|
705
|
|
$
|
1,402
|
|
Deduct:
Pro forma stock-based compensation cost
|
|
$
|
(514
|
)
|
$
|
(339
|
)
|
$
|
(1,008
|
)
|
$
|
(640
|
)
|
Pro
forma net (loss) income
|
|
$
|
(113
|
)
|
$
|
364
|
|
$
|
(303
|
)
|
$
|
762
|
|
Basic
net income (loss) per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As
reported
|
|
$
|
0.01
|
|
$
|
0.02
|
|
$
|
0.02
|
|
$
|
0.04
|
|
Pro
forma
|
|
$
|
(0.00
|
)
|
$
|
0.01
|
|
$
|
(0.01
|
)
|
$
|
0.02
|
|
Diluted
net income (loss) per common share:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As
reported
|
|
$
|
0.01
|
|
$
|
0.02
|
|
$
|
0.02
|
|
$
|
0.04
|
|
Pro
forma
|
|
$
|
(0.00
|
)
|
$
|
0.01
|
|
$
|
(0.01
|
)
|
$
|
0.02
|
|
The
per
share weighted average fair value of stock options granted during the three
months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004, was $1.67 and $4.34, respectively. The
fair
value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the
Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following weighted average
assumptions used for grants in 2005 and 2004: dividend yield of zero percent
for
all periods; risk-free interest rates of 4.6% and 4.6%, respectively; and
expected life of five years for all periods. During 2005 and 2004, the Company
used a volatility factor of 87.0% and 93.0%, respectively.
|
(E) |
BASIC
AND DILUTED NET INCOME PER
SHARE
|
The
Company calculates earnings per share in accordance with the provisions of
SFAS
No. 128, “Earnings Per Share (“EPS”),” and the guidance of SEC Staff Accounting
Bulletin No. 98. Under SFAS No. 128, basic EPS excludes dilution for common
stock equivalents and is computed by dividing net income or loss attributable
to
common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding
for the period. All options, warrants or other potentially dilutive instruments
issued for nominal consideration are required to be included in the calculation
of basic and diluted net income attributable to common stockholders. The Company
has included 17,339 shares of common stock in the calculation of basic and
diluted net income attributable to common stockholders from October 2000 which
relate to certain options that were originally issued by HumanClick Ltd. for
nominal consideration and subsequently assumed by the Company in connection
with
its acquisition of HumanClick in October 2000. Diluted EPS reflects the
potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue
common stock were exercised or converted into common stock and resulted in
the
issuance of common stock. Diluted net income per common share for the three
and
six month periods ended June 30, 2005 includes the effect of options to purchase
6,190,997 and 6,266,997 shares of common stock with a weighted average exercise
price of $1.24 and $1.26, respectively, and warrants to purchase 127,802 shares
of common stock with a weighted average exercise price of $0.69. Diluted net
income per common share for the three and six month periods ended June 30,
2005
does not include the effect of options to purchase 2,299,000 and 2,223,000
shares of common stock, respectively, or warrants to purchase 75,000 shares
of
common stock. Diluted net income per common share for the three and six month
periods ended June 30, 2004 includes the effect of options to purchase 5,235,150
and 5,235,150 shares of common stock with a weighted average exercise price
of
$1.09 and $1.09, respectively, and warrants to purchase 225,000 shares of common
stock with a weighted average exercise price of $1.55. Diluted net income per
common share for the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2004 does not
include the effect of options to purchase 789,000 and 789,000 shares of common
stock, respectively.
|
(F) |
RECENTLY
ISSUED ACCOUNTING
PRONOUNCEMENTS
|
In
December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based
Payment,” which addresses the accounting for transactions in which an entity
exchanges its equity instruments for goods or services, with a primary focus
on
transactions in which an entity obtains employee services in share-based payment
transactions. SFAS No. 123(R) is a revision to SFAS No. 123 and supersedes
APB
Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and its related
implementation guidance. SFAS No. 123(R) requires measurement of the cost of
employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based
on the grant-date fair value of
the
award
(with limited exceptions). Incremental compensation costs arising from
subsequent modifications of awards after the grant date must be recognized.
In
April 2005, the SEC announced a new rule that delays the implementation of
SFAS
No. 123(R) until the fiscal year that begins after June 15, 2005. The Company
expects to adopt the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R) as of January 1, 2006. The
Company is still evaluating the impact that adopting SFAS No. 123(R) will have
on its financial position, cash flows and results of operations, but the Company
believes this change in accounting will have a material adverse effect on its
reported results of operations. See Note 1(D) for pro forma disclosure assuming
a fair value based method of accounting for stock-based awards.
In
December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 153, “Exchanges of Nonmonetary Assets,”
which eliminates an exception in APB Opinion No. 29, “Accounting for Nonmonetary
Transactions,” for nonmonetary exchanges of similar productive assets and
replaces it with a general exception for exchanges of nonmonetary assets that
do
not have commercial substance. SFAS No. 153 will be effective for the Company
for nonmonetary asset exchanges occurring on or after January 1,
2006.
(2) |
BALANCE
SHEET COMPONENTS
|
Property
and equipment is summarized as follows:
|
|
June
30,
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
2004
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Computer
equipment and software
|
|
$
|
1,766
|
|
$
|
1,712
|
|
Furniture,
equipment and building improvements
|
|
|
216
|
|
|
44
|
|
|
|
|
1,982
|
|
|
1,756
|
|
Less
accumulated depreciation
|
|
|
1,464
|
|
|
1,372
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
518
|
|
$
|
384
|
|
Accrued
expenses consist of the following:
|
|
June
30,
|
|
December
31,
|
|
|
|
2005
|
|
2004
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payroll
and related costs
|
|
$
|
908
|
|
$
|
1,102
|
|
Professional
services and consulting fees
|
|
|
323
|
|
|
448
|
|
Sales
commissions
|
|
|
91
|
|
|
90
|
|
Other
|
|
|
51
|
|
|
26
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,373
|
|
$
|
1,666
|
|
In
December 2003, the Company acquired certain identifiable assets of Island Data
Corporation (“Island Data”). The purchase price was based on projected revenue
from the acquired customer contracts at the time of their assignment to the
Company. The Company paid approximately $370 in cash, and issued 370,894 shares
of common stock, in connection with the acquisition. The total acquisition
costs
were approximately $2,119. Of the total purchase price, the Company has
allocated approximately $65 to non-compete agreements which will be amortized
over a period of 24 months, representing the terms of the agreements. The
remainder of the purchase price has been allocated to customer contracts and
will be amortized over a period of 36 months, representing the current estimate
of the term of the acquired client relationships. The net acquisition costs
of
$1,043 and $1,401 are included in “Assets - Intangibles, net” on the Company’s
June 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004 balance sheets, respectively.
In
July
2004, the Company acquired certain identifiable assets of FaceTime
Communications, Inc. The transaction transferred certain existing customer
contracts of FaceTime to the Company. The purchase price was based in part
on
future revenue generated from the former FaceTime client base. The total
acquisition costs were approximately $394. The total acquisition cost will
be
amortized ratably over a period of 24 months, representing the current estimate
of the term of the acquired client relationships. The net acquisition costs
of
$211 and $320 are included in “Assets - Intangibles, net” on the Company’s June
30, 2005 and December 31, 2004 balance sheets, respectively.
Income
taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Under this method,
deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax
consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement
carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax
bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets
and
liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable
income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be
recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of
a
change in tax rates is recognized in results of operations in the period that
the tax change occurs. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary,
to
reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. In assessing
the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is
more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will
not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent
upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those
temporary differences are expected to become deductible. Management considers
the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable
income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon the
level of historical taxable losses and after considering projections for future
taxable income over the periods in which the deferred tax assets are expected
to
be deductible, management believes it is more likely than not that the Company
will not realize the benefits of these deductible differences. Accordingly,
the
Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets.
Management will continue to assess the valuation allowance. To the extent it
is
determined that a valuation allowance is no longer required with respect to
certain deferred tax assets, the tax benefit, if any, of such deferred tax
assets will be recognized.
As
of
December 31, 2004, the Company had approximately $9,341 of federal net operating
loss (“NOL”) carryforwards available to offset future taxable income. These NOL
carryforwards expire in various years through 2023. Because a significant
portion of the carryforwards is attributable to tax deductions related to the
exercise of employee stock options in excess of amounts recognized for financial
reporting purposes, the tax benefit must be allocated to Additional paid-in
capital with the remainder reducing income tax expense. Accordingly, the Company
recorded income tax expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005
of
$216 and $380, respectively, with corresponding increases in Additional paid-in
capital of $201 and $353, respectively. The Company recorded income tax expense
of $33 in the three and six months ended June 30, 2004 because it had sufficient
NOL carryforwards to offset taxable income.
The
difference between the statutory federal income tax rate and the Company’s
effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004,
is
principally due to the utilization of federal and state net operating loss
carryforwards.
(5) |
COMMITMENTS
AND CONTINGENCIES
|
The
Company leases facilities and certain equipment under agreements accounted
for
as operating leases. These leases generally require the Company to pay all
executory costs such as maintenance and insurance. Rental expense for operating
leases for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 was approximately $153
and $310, respectively, and approximately $118 and $234 for the three and six
months ended June 30, 2004, respectively.
ITEM
2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
CRITICAL
ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
GENERAL
Our
discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations
are
based upon our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements,
which are prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted
in the United States of America. As such, we are required to make certain
estimates, judgments and assumptions that management believes are reasonable
based upon the information available. We base these estimates on our historical
experience, future expectations and various other assumptions that we believe
to
be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis
for
our judgments that may not be readily apparent from other sources. These
estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities
and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the
consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and
expenses during the reporting periods. These estimates and assumptions relate
to
estimates of collectibility of accounts receivable, the realization of goodwill,
the expected term of a client relationship, accruals and other factors. We
evaluate these estimates on an ongoing basis. Actual results could differ from
those estimates under different assumptions or conditions, and any differences
could be material.
The
significant accounting policies which we believe are the most critical to aid
in
fully understanding and evaluating the reported consolidated financial results
include the following:
REVENUE
RECOGNITION
LivePerson
is a provider of hosted software solutions for online communications. Our
fully-integrated multi-channel communications platform, Timpani, enables
companies to monitor website traffic, to identify likely buyers based on online
behavior and to proactively engage those visitors primarily via text-based
chat.
Our technology supports and manages all online interactions - chat, email and
self-service/knowledgebase.
We
charge
a monthly fee, which varies by service and client usage. Certain of our larger
clients, who require more sophisticated implementation and training, may also
pay an initial non-refundable set-up fee and professional service fees related
to implementation. We also occasionally charge professional service fees related
to additional training and business consulting and analysis.
The
initial set-up fee is intended to recover certain costs (principally customer
service, training and other administrative costs) prior to the deployment of
our
services. Such fees are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized ratably
over
a period of 24 months, representing the estimated term of the client
relationships. Although we believe this estimate is reasonable, this estimate
may change in the future. In instances where we do charge a set-up fee, we
typically do not charge an additional set-up fee if an existing client adds
more
services. Unamortized deferred fees, if any, are recognized upon termination
of
the agreement with the customer. We recognized set-up fees due to client
attrition of $1,000 and $1,000 in the three and six months ended June 30, 2005,
respectively, and $0 and $2,000 in the three and six months ended June 30,
2004,
respectively.
We
also
sell certain of the LivePerson Timpani services directly via Internet download.
These services are marketed as Timpani SB for small- and medium-sized
businesses, and are paid for almost exclusively by credit card. Credit card
payments accelerate cash flow and reduce our collection risk, subject to the
merchant bank’s right to hold back cash pending settlement of the transactions.
Sales of Timpani SB may occur with or without the assistance of an online sales
representative, rather than through face-to-face or telephone contact that
is
typically required for traditional direct sales. These sales typically have
no
set-up fee, because we do not provide the customer with training and
administrative costs are minimal.
We
record
revenue based upon a monthly fee charged for the LivePerson services, provided
that no significant Company obligations remain and collection of the resulting
receivable is probable. We recognize monthly service fees as services are
provided. Our service agreements typically have no termination date and are
terminable upon 30 to 90 days’ notice without penalty. We recognize professional
service fees upon completion and customer acceptance of the professional service
engagement.
ACCOUNTS
RECEIVABLE
Our
customers are primarily concentrated in the United States. We perform ongoing
credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition (except for customers
who purchase the LivePerson services by credit card via Internet download)
and
have established an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon factors
surrounding the credit risk of customers, historical trends and other
information that we believe to be reasonable, although they may change in the
future. If there is a deterioration of a customer’s credit worthiness or actual
write-offs are higher than our historical experience, our estimates of
recoverability for these receivables could be adversely affected. Our
concentration of credit risk is limited due to the large number of customers.
No
single customer accounted for or exceeded 10% of our total revenue in the three
and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004. Two customers accounted for
approximately 24% of accounts receivable at June 30, 2005. One customer
accounted for approximately 10% of accounts receivable at December 31,
2004.
IMPAIRMENT
OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS
In
accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 144,
“Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-lived Assets,” long-lived
assets, such as property, plant and equipment and purchased intangibles subject
to amortization are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be
recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a
comparison of the carrying value of an asset to estimated undiscounted future
cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. If the carrying value of
an
asset exceeds its estimated future cash flows, an impairment charge is
recognized in the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds the
fair value of the asset. Assets to be disposed of would be separately presented
in the balance sheet and reported at the lower of the carrying value or the
fair
value less costs to sell, and are no longer depreciated. The assets and
liabilities of a disposed group classified as held for sale would be presented
separately in the appropriate asset and liability sections of the balance
sheet.
RECENTLY
ISSUED ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In
December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based
Payment,” which addresses the accounting for transactions in which an entity
exchanges its equity instruments for goods or services, with a primary focus
on
transactions in which an entity obtains employee services in share-based payment
transactions. SFAS No. 123(R) is a revision to SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for
Stock-Based Compensation,” and supersedes Accounting Principles Board (“APB”)
Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and its related
implementation guidance. SFAS No. 123(R) requires measurement of the cost of
employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based
on the grant-date fair value of the award (with limited exceptions). Incremental
compensation costs arising from subsequent modifications of awards after the
grant date must be recognized. In April 2005, the SEC announced a new rule
that
delays the implementation of SFAS No. 123(R) until the fiscal year that begins
after June 15, 2005. We expect to adopt the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R) as
of
January 1, 2006. We are still evaluating the impact that adopting SFAS No.
123(R) will have on our financial position, cash flows and results of
operations, but we believe this change in accounting will have a material
adverse effect on our reported results of operations. See Note 1(D),
“Stock-based Compensation,” to our unaudited interim condensed consolidated
financial statements for pro forma disclosure assuming a fair value based method
of accounting for stock-based awards.
In
December 2004, the FASB issued SFAS No. 153, “Exchanges of Nonmonetary Assets,”
which eliminates an exception in APB Opinion No. 29, “Accounting for Nonmonetary
Transactions,” for nonmonetary exchanges of similar productive assets and
replaces it with a general exception for exchanges of nonmonetary assets that
do
not have commercial substance. SFAS No. 153 will be effective for us for
nonmonetary asset exchanges occurring on or after January 1, 2006. We are still
evaluating the impact that adopting SFAS No. 153 will have on our financial
position, cash flows and results of operations.
OVERVIEW
LivePerson
is a provider of hosted software solutions for online communications. Our
fully-integrated multi-channel communications platform, Timpani, enables
companies to monitor website traffic, to identify likely buyers based on online
behavior and to proactively engage those visitors primarily via text-based
chat.
Our technology supports and manages all online interactions - chat, email and
self-service/knowledgebase.
We
were
incorporated in the State of Delaware in November 1995 and the initial
LivePerson service was introduced in November 1998.
In
July
2002, we acquired all of the existing customer contracts of NewChannel, Inc.
and
associated rights. The purchase price was based, in part, on projected revenue
from each of the former NewChannel clients at the time of their successful
conversion to the LivePerson software platform. The total acquisition costs
were
approximately $1.4 million. The total acquisition cost has been allocated to
customer contracts and was amortized ratably over a period of 18 months,
representing the then expected term of the client relationships. As of December
31, 2003, the total purchase had been completely amortized.
In
December 2003, we acquired certain identifiable assets of Island Data
Corporation. The purchase price was based on projected revenue from the acquired
customer contracts at the time of their assignment to us. We paid approximately
$370,000 in cash, and issued 370,894 shares of our common stock, in connection
with the acquisition. The total acquisition costs were approximately $2.1
million. Of the total purchase price, we have allocated approximately $65,000
to
non-compete agreements which will be amortized over a period of 24 months,
representing the terms of the agreements. The remainder of the purchase has
been
allocated to customer contracts and will be amortized over a period of 36
months, representing our current estimate of the term of the acquired client
relationships. The net acquisition costs of $1.0 million and $1.4 million are
included in “Assets - Intangibles, net” on our June 30, 2005 and December 31,
2004 balance sheets, respectively.
In
January 2004, we filed a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange
Commission to register the resale of up to 500,000 shares of our common stock
by
Island Data. Our registration of the resale of the shares was required by our
agreement with Island Data. The shares registered for resale on the registration
statement, but not actually issued to Island Data pursuant to the agreement,
will be deregistered. We did not receive any proceeds from the sale of the
shares of common stock covered by the Island Data registration
statement.
In
January 2004, we filed a shelf registration statement with the Securities and
Exchange Commission relating to 4,000,000 shares of our common stock that we
may
issue from time to time. We have no immediate plans to offer or sell any shares
under this shelf registration. We presently intend to use the net proceeds
from
any sale of the registered shares for general corporate purposes, working
capital and potential strategic acquisitions. We would announce the terms of
any
issuance in a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission at the time
we
offer or sell the shares.
In
July
2004, we acquired certain identifiable assets of FaceTime Communications, Inc.
The transaction transferred certain existing customer contracts of FaceTime
to
us. The purchase price was based in part on future revenue generated by us
from
the former FaceTime client base. The total acquisition costs were approximately
$394,000. The total acquisition cost will be amortized ratably over a period
of
24 months, representing our current estimate of the term of the acquired client
relationships. The net acquisition costs of $211,000 and $320,000 are included
in “Assets - Intangibles, net” on our June 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004
balance sheets, respectively.
In
February 2005, we corrected an assumption in the methodology for the calculation
of weighted average shares outstanding used in diluted net income (loss) per
common share, which affected the weighted average shares outstanding used in
diluted net income per common share in all quarterly periods in 2004. These
corrections had no impact on reported diluted net income per common share in
these periods because of the convention of rounding earnings per share to the
nearest penny.
REVENUE
Our
clients pay us a monthly fee, which varies by service and client usage. Certain
of our larger clients, who require more sophisticated implementation and
training, may also pay an initial non-refundable set-up fee and professional
service fees related to implementation. Our set-up fee is intended to recover
certain costs incurred by us (principally customer service, training and other
administrative costs) prior to deployment of our services. Such fees are
recorded as deferred revenue and recognized over a period of 24 months,
representing the estimated term of the client relationships. As a result of
recognizing set-up fees in this manner, combined with the fact that a small
proportion of our clients are charged a set-up fee, revenue attributable to
our
monthly service fee accounted for 96% and 96% of total LivePerson services
revenue for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005, respectively, and
93%
and 95% of total LivePerson services revenue for the three and six months ended
June 30, 2004, respectively. In addition, because we typically do not charge
a
set-up fee for sales generated via Internet download, we expect the set-up
fee
to continue to represent a small percentage of total revenue. In instances
where
we do charge a set-up fee, we typically do not charge an additional set-up
fee
if an existing client adds more services. Our service agreements typically
have
no termination date and are terminable upon 30 to 90 days’ notice without
penalty. We recognize monthly service fees and professional service fees as
services are provided. Professional service fees consist of additional training
and business consulting and analysis provided to customers, both at the initial
launch and over the term of the contract. Given the time required to schedule
training for our clients’ operators and our clients’ resource constraints, we
have historically experienced a lag between signing a client contract and
generating revenue from that client. This lag has generally ranged from one
day
to 30 days. There is no lag for sales generated via Internet download, because
our services are immediately available and fully functional upon
download.
We
also
sell certain of the LivePerson services directly via Internet download. These
services are marketed as Timpani SB for small- and medium-sized businesses,
and
are paid for almost exclusively by credit card. Credit card payments accelerate
cash flow and reduce our collection risk, subject to the merchant bank’s right
to hold back cash pending settlement of the transactions. Sales of Timpani
SB
may occur with or without the assistance of an online sales representative,
rather than through face-to-face or telephone contact which is typically
required for traditional direct sales. These sales typically have no set-up
fee,
because we do not provide the customer with training, and administrative costs
are minimal. We recognize monthly service fees from the sale of Timpani SB
during the month in which services are provided.
We
also
have entered into contractual arrangements that complement our direct sales
force and online sales efforts. These are primarily with Web hosting and call
center service companies, pursuant to which LivePerson is paid a commission
based on revenue generated by these service companies from our referrals. To
date, revenue from such commissions has not been material.
OPERATING
EXPENSES
Our
cost
of revenue has principally been associated with the LivePerson services and
has
consisted of:
· |
compensation
costs relating to employees who provide customer service to our
clients;
|
· |
compensation
costs relating to our network support
staff;
|
· |
allocated
occupancy costs and related overhead;
and
|
· |
the
cost of supporting our infrastructure, including expenses related
to
server leases and Internet connectivity, as well as depreciation
of
certain hardware and software.
|
Our
product development expenses consist primarily of compensation and related
expenses for product development personnel, allocated occupancy costs and
related overhead, outsourced labor and expenses for testing new versions of
our
software. Product development expenses are charged to operations as
incurred.
Our
sales
and marketing expenses consist of compensation and related expenses for sales
personnel and marketing personnel, allocated occupancy costs and related
overhead, advertising, sales commissions, marketing programs, public relations,
promotional materials, travel expenses and trade show exhibit
expenses.
Our
general and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and
related expenses for executive, accounting and human resources personnel,
allocated occupancy costs and related overhead, professional fees, provision
for
doubtful accounts and other general corporate expenses.
In
the
six months ended June 30, 2005, we increased our allowance for doubtful accounts
by $30,000 to approximately $84,000, principally due to an increase in accounts
receivable as a result of increased sales. We base our allowance for doubtful
accounts on specifically identified credit risks of customers, historical trends
and other information that we believe to be reasonable. We adjust our allowance
for doubtful accounts when accounts previously reserved have been
collected.
RESULTS
OF OPERATIONS
Due
to
our acquisition of certain identifiable assets of FaceTime in July 2004, our
acquisition of certain identifiable assets of Island Data in December 2003,
our
acquisition of the NewChannel customer contracts and associated rights in July
2002 and our limited operating history, we believe that comparisons of our
operating results for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005 and 2004
with
each other, or with those of prior periods, are not meaningful and that our
historical operating results should not be relied upon as indicative of future
performance.
COMPARISON
OF THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2005 AND 2004
Revenue.
Total
revenue increased to $5.3 million and $10.2 million in the three and six months
ended June 30, 2005, respectively, from $4.3 million and $8.4 million in the
comparable periods in 2004. This increase is primarily attributable to revenue
from new clients of approximately $830,000 and $1.5 million, respectively,
and
to the acquisition of the FaceTime customer contracts in July 2004 of
approximately $60,000 and $139,000, respectively.
Cost
of Revenue.
Cost of
revenue consists of compensation costs relating to employees who provide
customer service to our clients, compensation costs relating to our network
support staff, the cost of supporting our infrastructure, including expenses
related to server leases and Internet connectivity, as well as depreciation
of
certain hardware and software, and allocated occupancy costs and related
overhead. Cost of revenue increased to $1.0 million and $1.9 million in the
three and six months ended June 30, 2005, respectively, from $694,000 and $1.4
million in the comparable periods in 2004. This increase is attributable to
increased spending for primary and backup server facilities of approximately
$154,000 and $244,000, respectively, and to costs related to additional account
management personnel to support increased client activity from existing clients
and the addition of new clients in the amount of approximately $114,000 and
$212,000, respectively. The proportion of our new clients that are large
corporations is increasing. These companies typically have more significant
implementation requirements and more stringent data security standards. As
a
result, we have invested additional resources to support this change in the
customer base and in anticipation of a continuation of this trend, which has
increased our cost of revenue.
Product
Development.
Our
product development expenses consist primarily of compensation and related
expenses for product development personnel. Product development costs increased
to $688,000 and $1.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2005,
respectively, from $516,000 and $955,000 in the comparable periods in 2004.
This
increase is primarily attributable to costs related to additional product
development personnel to support both the launch of a significant new release
of
the LivePerson services under the Timpani brand name in the amount of
approximately $144,000 and $350,000, respectively, and to a lesser extent,
an
increase in outsourced labor costs of approximately $5,000 and $22,000,
respectively, related to the continuing development of our product line as
we
broaden the range of services we offer to include a fully integrated,
multi-channel software platform.
Sales
and Marketing.
Our
sales and marketing expenses consist of compensation and related expenses for
sales and marketing personnel, as well as advertising and public relations
expenses. Sales and marketing expenses increased to $1.7 million and $3.2
million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2005, respectively, from
$1.2
million and $2.4 million in the comparable periods in 2004. This increase is
primarily attributable to increases in advertising and trade show expenses
of
approximately $192,000 and $323,000, respectively, related to our efforts to
enhance our brand recognition and increase sales lead activity and, to a lesser
extent, an increase in costs related to additional sales and marketing personnel
of approximately $168,000 and 260,000, respectively. A significant portion
of
this increase is driven by our recent move to increase our internal marketing
resources and external market presence, through an increased focus on public
relations and press activity, trade show participation and promotional and
advertising efforts designed to increase the inbound sales lead flow to our
direct sales force.
General
and Administrative.
Our
general and administrative expenses consist primarily of compensation and
related expenses for executive, accounting, human resources and administrative
personnel. General and administrative expenses increased to $1.1 million and
$2.4 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2005, respectively,
from
$988,000 and $1.9 million in the comparable periods in 2004. This increase
is
primarily attributable to an increase in accounting expenses related to the
first year implementation costs for an audit of our internal control over
financial reporting required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in the amount of
approximately $73,000 and $375,000, respectively, and, to a lesser extent,
an
increase in costs related to additional administrative personnel and related
occupancy costs in the amount of approximately $87,000 and $110,000,
respectively.
Amortization
of Intangibles.
Amortization expense was $232,000 and $467,000 in the three and six months
ended
June 30, 2005, respectively, and relates to acquisition costs recorded as a
result of our acquisition of certain identifiable assets of Island Data
Corporation and FaceTime in December 2003 and July 2004, respectively.
Amortization expense was $179,000 and $358,000 in the three and six months
ended
June 30, 2004, respectively, and relates to acquisition costs recorded as a
result of our acquisition of certain identifiable assets of Island Data
Corporation in December 2003.
Other
Income.
Interest
income was $59,000 and $102,000 in the three and six months ended June 30,
2005,
respectively, and $11,000 and $23,000 in the comparable periods in 2004 and
consists of interest earned on cash and cash equivalents generated by the
receipt of proceeds from our initial public offering in 2000 and preferred
stock
issuances in 2000 and 1999 and, to a lesser extent, cash provided by operating
activities. This increase is primarily attributable to increases in short-term
interest rates.
Net
Income.
We had
net income of $401,000 and $705,000 in the three and six months ended June
30,
2005, respectively, compared to $703,000 and $1.4 million for the comparable
periods in 2004.
LIQUIDITY
AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
As
of
June 30, 2005, we had approximately $13.2 million in cash and cash equivalents,
an increase of $760,000 from December 31, 2004. This increase is primarily
attributable to net cash provided by operating activities offset in part by
net
cash used in investing activities. We regularly invest excess funds in
short-term money market funds.
Net
cash
provided by operating activities was $919,000 for the six months ended June
30,
2005 and consisted primarily of net income and non-cash expenses related to
the
amortization of intangibles, partially offset by increases in accounts
receivable and prepaid expenses and a decrease in accrued expenses. Net cash
provided by operating activities was $716,000 for the six months ended June
30,
2004 and consisted of net income and non-cash expenses related to the
amortization of intangibles, non-cash compensation and depreciation offset
by
decreases in accrued expenses and an increase in prepaid expenses.
Net
cash
used in investing activities was $225,000 and $274,000 in the six months ended
June 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively, and was due primarily to the purchase
of
fixed assets.
Net
cash
provided by financing activities was $66,000 and $69,000 for the six months
ended June 30, 2005 and 2004, respectively, and consisted of proceeds from
the
issuance of common stock in connection with the exercise of stock options by
employees.
We
have
incurred significant costs to develop our technology and services, to hire
employees in our customer service, sales, marketing and administration
departments, and for the amortization of goodwill and intangible assets, as
well
as non-cash compensation costs. Historically, we incurred significant quarterly
net losses from inception through June 30, 2003, significant negative cash
flows
from operations in our quarterly periods from inception through December 31,
2002 and negative cash flows from operations of $124,000 in the three month
period ended March 31, 2004. As of June 30, 2005, we had an accumulated deficit
of approximately $103.2 million. These losses have been funded primarily through
the issuance of common stock in our initial public offering and, prior to the
initial public offering, the issuance of convertible preferred
stock.
We
anticipate that our current cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to
satisfy our working capital and capital requirements for at least the next
12
months. However, we cannot assure you that we will not require additional funds
prior to such time, and we would then seek to sell additional equity or debt
securities through public financings, or seek alternative sources of financing.
We cannot assure you that additional funding will be available on favorable
terms, when needed, if at all. If we are unable to obtain any necessary
additional financing, we may be required to further reduce the scope of our
planned sales and marketing and product development efforts, which could
materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating
results. In addition, we may require additional funds in order to fund more
rapid expansion, to develop new or enhanced services or products or to invest
in
complementary businesses, technologies, services or products.
CONTRACTUAL
OBLIGATIONS AND COMMITMENTS
We
do not
have any special purposes entities, and other than operating leases, which
are
described below, we do not engage in off-balance sheet financing
arrangements.
We
lease
facilities and certain equipment under agreements accounted for as operating
leases. These leases generally require us to pay all executory costs such as
maintenance and insurance. Rental expense for operating leases for the three
and
six months ended June 30, 2005 was approximately $153,000 and $310,000,
respectively, and approximately $118,000 and $234,000 for the three and six
months ended June 30, 2004, respectively.
As
of
June 30, 2005, our principal commitments were approximately $1.2 million under
various operating leases, of which approximately $296,000 is due in 2005. We
do
not currently expect that our principal commitments for the year ending December
31, 2005 will exceed $500,000 in the aggregate. Our capital expenditures are
not
currently expected to exceed $500,000 in 2005. Our contractual obligations
at
June 30, 2005 are summarized as follows:
|
|
Payments
due by period
|
|
|
|
(in
thousands)
|
|
Contractual
Obligations
|
|
Total
|
|
Less
than 1 year
|
|
1-3
years
|
|
3-5
years
|
|
More
than 5 years
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating
leases
|
|
$
|
1,229
|
|
$
|
296
|
|
$
|
933
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
1,229
|
|
$
|
296
|
|
$
|
933
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
$
|
—
|
|
RISK
FACTORS THAT MAY AFFECT FUTURE RESULTS
Risks
Related to Our Business
We
have a history of losses, we had an accumulated deficit of $103.2 million as
of
June 30, 2005 and we may incur losses in the future.
Although
we have achieved profitability in each three-month period from and including
the
period ended September 30, 2003, we may, in the future, incur losses and
experience negative cash flow, either or both of which may be significant.
We
recorded a net loss of $6.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2002 and
$816,000 for the year ended December 31, 2003. We recorded net income of $2.1
million in the year ended December 31, 2004 and $705,000 in the six months
ended
June 30, 2005. As of June 30, 2005, our accumulated deficit was approximately
$103.2 million. We cannot assure you that we can sustain or increase
profitability on a quarterly or annual basis in the future. Failure to maintain
profitability may materially and adversely affect the market price of our common
stock.
Our
quarterly revenue and operating results are subject to significant fluctuations,
which may adversely affect the trading price of our common
stock.
Our
quarterly revenue and operating results may fluctuate significantly in the
future due to a variety of factors, including the following factors which are
in
part within our control, and in part outside of our control:
· |
market
acceptance by companies doing business online of real-time sales,
marketing and customer service
solutions;
|
· |
our
clients’ business success;
|
· |
our
clients’ demand for our services;
|
· |
our
ability to attract and retain
clients;
|
· |
the
amount and timing of capital expenditures and other costs relating
to the
expansion of our operations, including those related to
acquisitions;
|
· |
the
introduction of new services by us or our competitors;
and
|
· |
changes
in our pricing policies or the pricing policies of our
competitors.
|
Our
revenue and results may also fluctuate significantly in the future due to the
following factors that are entirely outside of our control:
· |
economic
conditions specific to the Internet, electronic commerce and online
media;
and
|
· |
general
economic and political conditions.
|
Period-to-period
comparisons of our operating results may not be meaningful because of these
factors. You should not rely upon these comparisons as indicators of our future
performance.
Due
to
the foregoing factors, it is possible that our results of operations in one
or
more future quarters may fall below the expectations of securities analysts
and
investors. If this occurs, the trading price of our common stock could
decline.
We
may be unable to respond to the rapid technological change and changing client
preferences in the online sales, marketing and customer service industry and
this may harm our business.
If
we are
unable, for technological, legal, financial or other reasons, to adapt in a
timely manner to changing market conditions in the online sales, marketing
and
customer service industry or our clients’ or Internet users’ requirements, our
business, results of operations and financial condition would be materially
and
adversely affected. Business on the Internet is characterized by rapid
technological change. In addition, the market for online sales, marketing and
customer service solutions is relatively new. Sudden changes in client and
Internet user requirements and preferences, frequent new product and service
introductions embodying new technologies, such as broadband communications,
and
the emergence of new industry standards and practices could render the
LivePerson services and our proprietary technology and systems obsolete. The
rapid evolution of these products and services will require that we continually
improve the performance, features and reliability of our services. Our success
will depend, in part, on our ability to:
· |
enhance
the features and performance of the LivePerson
services;
|
· |
develop
and offer new services that are valuable to companies doing business
online and Internet users; and
|
· |
respond
to technological advances and emerging industry standards and practices
in
a cost-effective and timely manner.
|
If
any of
our new services, including upgrades to our current services, do not meet our
clients’ or Internet users’ expectations, our business may be harmed. Updating
our technology may require significant additional capital expenditures and
could
materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and
financial condition.
If
new
services require us to grow rapidly, this could place a significant strain
on
our managerial, operational, technical and financial resources. In order to
manage our growth, we could be required to implement new or upgraded operating
and financial systems, procedures and controls. Our failure to expand our
operations in an efficient manner could cause our expenses to grow, our revenue
to decline or grow more slowly than expected and could otherwise have a material
adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
If
we are not competitive in the market for real-time sales, marketing and customer
service solutions, our business could be harmed.
The
market for sales and customer service technology is intensely competitive and
characterized by aggressive marketing, evolving industry standards, rapid
technology developments and frequent new product introductions. Relatively
few
substantial barriers to entry exist in this market, other than the ability
to
design and build scalable software and, with respect to outsourced solution
providers, the ability to design, build and manage scalable network
architecture. Established or new entities may enter this market in the near
future, including those that provide real-time interaction online, with or
without the user’s request.
We
compete directly with companies focused on technology that facilitates real-time
sales, email management, searchable knowledgebase applications and customer
service interaction. These markets remain fairly saturated with small companies
that compete on price and features. We also face significant competition from
two customer service enterprise software providers, KANA and RightNow
Technologies, which offer hosted solutions. Furthermore, many of our competitors
offer a broader range of customer relationship management products and services
than we currently offer. We may be disadvantaged and our business may be harmed
if companies doing business online choose real-time sales, marketing and
customer service solutions from such providers.
We
also
face potential competition from larger enterprise software companies such as
Oracle and Siebel Systems. In addition, established technology companies,
including Aspect Communications, Avaya, Genesys Telecommunications Laboratories,
IBM and Microsoft, may also leverage their existing relationships and
capabilities to offer real-time sales, marketing and customer service
applications.
Finally,
we face competition from clients and potential clients that choose to provide
a
real-time sales, marketing and customer service solution in-house as well as,
to
a lesser extent, traditional offline customer service solutions, such as
telephone call centers.
We
believe that competition will increase as our current competitors increase
the
sophistication of their offerings and as new participants enter the market.
Many
of our larger current and potential competitors have:
· |
longer
operating histories;
|
· |
greater
brand recognition;
|
· |
more
diversified lines of products and services;
and
|
· |
significantly
greater financial, marketing and other
resources.
|
Some
competitors may enter into strategic or commercial relationships with larger,
more established and better-financed companies. These competitors may be able
to:
· |
undertake
more extensive marketing campaigns;
|
· |
adopt
more aggressive pricing policies;
and
|
· |
make
more attractive offers to businesses to induce them to use their
products
or services.
|
Any
delay
in the general market acceptance of the real-time sales, marketing and customer
service solution business model would likely harm our competitive position.
Delays would allow our competitors additional time to improve their service
or
product offerings, and would also provide time for new competitors to develop
real-time sales, marketing and customer service applications and solicit
prospective clients within our target markets. Increased competition could
result in pricing pressures, reduced operating margins and loss of market
share.
The
success of our business is dependent on the retention of existing clients and
their purchase of additional LivePerson services.
Our
LivePerson services agreements typically have no termination date and are
terminable upon 30 to 90 days’ notice without penalty. If a significant number
of our clients, or any one client to whom we provide a significant amount of
services, were to terminate these services agreements, or reduce the amount
of
services purchased or fail to purchase additional services, our results of
operations may be negatively and materially affected. Dissatisfaction with
the
nature or quality of our services could also lead clients to terminate our
service. We depend on monthly fees from the LivePerson services for
substantially all of our revenue. If our retention rate declines, our revenue
could decline unless we are able to obtain additional clients or alternate
revenue sources. Further, because of the historically small amount of services
sold in initial orders, we depend on sales to new clients and sales of
additional services to our existing clients.
We
are dependent on technology systems that are beyond our
control.
The
success of the LivePerson services depends in part on our clients’ online
services as well as the Internet connections of visitors to their Web sites,
both of which are outside of our control. As a result, it may be difficult
to
identify the source of problems if they occur. In the past, we have experienced
problems related to connectivity which have resulted in slower than normal
response times to Internet user chat requests and messages and interruptions
in
service. The LivePerson services rely both on the Internet and on our
connectivity vendors for data transmission. Therefore, even when connectivity
problems are not caused by the LivePerson services, our clients or Internet
users may attribute the problem to us. This could diminish our brand and harm
our business, divert the attention of our technical personnel from our product
development efforts or cause significant client relations problems.
In
addition, we rely on a third-party Web hosting service provider for Internet
connectivity and network infrastructure hosting, security and maintenance.
The
provider has, in the past, experienced problems that have resulted in slower
than normal response times and interruptions in service. If we are unable to
continue utilizing the services of our existing Web hosting provider or if
our
Web hosting services experience interruptions or delays, it is possible that
our
business could be harmed.
Our
service also depends on third parties for hardware and software, which products
could contain defects. Problems arising from our use of such hardware or
software could require us to incur significant costs or divert the attention
of
our technical personnel from our product development efforts. To the extent
any
such problems require us to replace such hardware or software, we may not be
able to do so on acceptable terms, if at all.
Technological
defects could disrupt our services, which could harm our business and
reputation.
We
face
risks related to the technological capabilities of the LivePerson services.
We
expect the number of interactions between our clients’ operators and Internet
users over our system to increase significantly as we expand our client base.
Our network hardware and software may not be able to accommodate this additional
volume. Additionally, we must continually upgrade our software to improve the
features and functionality of the LivePerson services in order to be competitive
in our market. If future versions of our software contain undetected errors,
our
business could be harmed. As a result of major software upgrades at LivePerson,
our client sites have, from time to time, experienced slower than normal
response times and interruptions in service. If we experience system failures
or
degraded response times, our reputation and brand could be harmed. We may also
experience technical problems in the process of installing and initiating the
LivePerson services on new Web hosting services. These problems, if unremedied,
could harm our business.
The
LivePerson services also depend on complex software which may contain defects,
particularly when we introduce new versions onto our servers. We may not
discover software defects that affect our new or current services or
enhancements until after they are deployed. It is possible that, despite testing
by us, defects may occur in the software. These defects could result
in:
· |
damage
to our reputation;
|
· |
delays
in or loss of market acceptance of our products;
and
|
· |
unexpected
expenses and diversion of resources to remedy
errors.
|
Our
clients may experience adverse business conditions that could adversely affect
our business.
Some
of
our clients may experience difficulty in supporting their current operations
and
implementing their business plans. These clients may reduce their spending
on
our services, or may not be able to discharge their payment and other
obligations to us. These circumstances are influenced by general economic and
industry-specific conditions, and could have a material adverse impact on our
business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, as a
result of these conditions, our clients, in particular our Internet-related
clients that may experience (or that anticipate experiencing) difficulty raising
capital, may elect to scale back the resources they devote to customer service
technology, including services such as ours. If the current environment for
our
clients, including, in particular, our Internet-related clients, does not
improve, our business, results of operations and financial condition could
be
materially adversely affected. In addition, the non-payment or late payment
of
amounts due to us from a significant number of clients would negatively impact
our financial condition. We increased our allowance for doubtful accounts by
$30,000 to approximately $84,000 in the six months ended June 30, 2005,
principally due to an increase in accounts receivable as a result of increased
sales. During the year ended December 31, 2004, we increased our allowance
for
doubtful accounts by $30,000, principally due to an increase in accounts
receivable as a result of increased sales, and we wrote off approximately
$40,000 of previously reserved accounts, leaving a net allowance of $54,000
at
December 31, 2004.
Our
business is significantly dependent on our ability to retain our current key
personnel, to attract new personnel, and to manage staff
attrition.
Our
future success depends to a significant extent on the continued services of
our
senior management team, including Robert P. LoCascio, our founder and Chief
Executive Officer. The loss of the services of any member of our senior
management team, in particular Mr. LoCascio, could have a material and adverse
effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. We cannot
assure you that we would be able to successfully integrate newly-hired senior
managers who would work together successfully with our existing management
team.
We
may be
unable to attract, integrate or retain other highly qualified employees in
the
future. If our retention efforts are ineffective, employee turnover could
increase and our ability to provide services to our clients would be materially
and adversely affected. Furthermore, the new requirement to expense stock
options may discourage us from granting the size or type of stock option awards
that job candidates may require to join our company.
Any
staff
attrition we experience, whether initiated by the departing employees or by
us,
could place a significant strain on our managerial, operational, financial
and
other resources. To the extent that we do not initiate or seek any staff
attrition that occurs, there can be no assurance that we will be able to
identify and hire adequate replacement staff promptly, if at all, and even
that
if such staff is replaced, we will be successful in integrating these employees.
In addition, we may not be able to outsource certain functions. We expect to
evaluate our needs and the performance of our staff on a periodic basis, and
may
choose to make adjustments in the future. If the size of our staff is
significantly reduced, either by our choice or otherwise, it may become more
difficult for us to manage existing, or establish new, relationships with
clients and other counter-parties, or to expand and improve our service
offerings. It may also become more difficult for us to implement changes to
our
business plan or to respond promptly to opportunities in the marketplace.
Further, it may become more difficult for us to devote personnel resources
necessary to maintain or improve existing systems, including our financial
and
managerial controls, billing systems, reporting systems and procedures. Thus,
any significant amount of staff attrition could cause our business and financial
results to suffer.
We
believe our reported financial results may be adversely affected by changes
in
accounting principles generally accepted in the United
States.
Generally
accepted accounting principles in the United States are subject to
interpretation by the FASB, the American Institute of Certified Public
Accountants, the SEC, and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret
appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or
interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial
results, and could affect the reporting of transactions completed before the
announcement of a change.
For
example, in December 2004, the FASB announced its decision to require companies
to expense employee stock options by issuing SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004),
“Share-Based Payment.” In April 2005, the SEC announced a new rule that delays
the implementation of SFAS No. 123(R) until the fiscal year that begins after
June 15, 2005. We expect to adopt the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R) as of
January 1, 2006. We believe this change in accounting will have a material
adverse effect on our reported results of operations.
We
cannot predict our future capital needs to execute our business strategy and
we
may not be able to secure additional financing.
We
believe that our current cash and cash equivalents and cash generated from
operations, if any, will be sufficient to fund our working capital and capital
expenditure requirements for at least the next twelve months. To the extent
that
we require additional funds to support our operations or the expansion of our
business, or to pay for acquisitions, we may need to sell additional equity,
issue debt or convertible securities or obtain credit facilities through
financial institutions. In the past, we have obtained financing principally
through the sale of preferred stock, common stock and warrants. If additional
funds are raised through the issuance of debt or preferred equity securities,
these securities could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to holders
of common stock, and could have terms that impose restrictions on our
operations. If additional funds are raised through the issuance of additional
equity or convertible securities, our stockholders could suffer dilution. We
cannot assure you that additional funding, if required, will be available to
us
in amounts or on terms acceptable to us. If sufficient funds are not available
or are not available on acceptable terms, our ability to fund any potential
expansion, take advantage of acquisition opportunities, develop or enhance
our
services or products, or otherwise respond to competitive pressures would be
significantly limited. Those limitations would materially and adversely affect
our business, results of operations and financial condition.
If
we do not successfully integrate potential future acquisitions, our business
could be harmed.
In
the
future, we may acquire or invest in complementary companies, products or
technologies. Acquisitions and investments involve numerous risks to us,
including:
· |
difficulties
in integrating operations, technologies, products and personnel with
LivePerson;
|
· |
diversion
of financial and management resources from efforts related to the
LivePerson services or other then-existing operations; risks of entering
new markets beyond providing real-time sales, marketing and customer
service solutions for companies doing business
online;
|
· |
potential
loss of either our existing key employees or key employees of any
companies we acquire; and
|
· |
our
inability to generate sufficient revenue to offset acquisition or
investment costs.
|
These
difficulties could disrupt our ongoing business, distract our management and
employees, increase our expenses and adversely affect our results of operations.
Furthermore, we may incur debt or issue equity securities to pay for any future
acquisitions. The issuance of equity securities could be dilutive to our
existing stockholders.
We
could face additional regulatory requirements, tax liabilities and other risks
as we expand internationally.
In
October 2000, we acquired HumanClick, an Israeli-based provider of real-time
online customer service applications. In addition, we are testing an outsourced
sales and marketing service provider to sell the LivePerson services in Western
Europe. There are risks related to doing business in international markets,
such
as changes in regulatory requirements, tariffs and other trade barriers,
fluctuations in currency exchange rates, more stringent rules relating to the
privacy of Internet users and adverse tax consequences. In addition, there
are
likely to be different consumer preferences and requirements in specific
international markets. Furthermore, we may face difficulties in staffing and
managing any foreign operations. One or more of these factors could harm any
future international operations.
Our
reputation depends, in part, on factors which are entirely outside of our
control.
Our
services typically appear as a LivePerson-branded, Timpani-branded or a
custom-created icon on our clients’ Web sites. The customer service operators
who respond to the inquiries of our clients’ Internet users are employees or
agents of our clients; they are not our employees. As a result, we have no
way
of controlling the actions of these operators. In addition, an Internet user
may
not know that the operator is an employee or agent of our client, rather than
a
LivePerson employee. If an Internet user were to have a negative experience
in a
LivePerson-powered real-time dialogue, it is possible that this experience
could
be attributed to us, which could diminish our brand and harm our business.
Finally, we believe the success of our services depend on the prominent
placement of the icon on the client’s Web site, over which we also have no
control.
Our
business and prospects would suffer if we are unable to protect and enforce
our
intellectual property rights.
Our
success and ability to compete depend, in part, upon the protection of our
intellectual property rights relating to the technology underlying the
LivePerson services. It is possible that:
· |
any
issued patent or patents issued in the future may not be broad enough
to
protect our intellectual property
rights;
|
· |
any
issued patent or any patents issued in the future could be successfully
challenged by one or more third parties, which could result in our
loss of
the right to prevent others from exploiting the inventions claimed
in the
patents;
|
· |
current
and future competitors may independently develop similar technologies,
duplicate our services or design around any patents we may have;
and
|
· |
effective
patent protection may not be available in every country in which
we do
business, where our services are sold or used, where the laws may
not
protect proprietary rights as fully as do the laws of the U.S. or
where
enforcement of laws protecting proprietary rights is not common or
effective.
|
Further,
to the extent that the invention described in any U.S. patent was made public
prior to the filing of the patent application, we may not be able to obtain
patent protection in certain foreign countries. We also rely upon copyright,
trade secret, trademark and other common law in the U.S. and other
jurisdictions, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions,
to protect our proprietary technology, processes and other intellectual
property, to the extent that protection is sought or secured at all. Any steps
we might take may not be adequate to protect against infringement and
misappropriation of our intellectual property by third parties. Similarly,
third
parties may be able to independently develop similar or superior technology,
processes or other intellectual property. Policing unauthorized use of our
services and intellectual property rights is difficult, and we cannot be certain
that the steps we have taken will prevent misappropriation of our technology
or
intellectual property rights, particularly in foreign countries where we do
business, where our services are sold or used,
where
the
laws may not protect proprietary rights as fully as do the laws of the United
States or where enforcement of laws protecting proprietary rights is not common
or effective. The unauthorized reproduction or other misappropriation of our
intellectual property rights could enable third parties to benefit from our
technology without paying us for it. If this occurs, our business, results
of
operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
In addition, disputes concerning the ownership or rights to use intellectual
property could be costly and time-consuming to litigate, may distract management
from operating our business and may result in our loss of significant
rights.
Our
products and services may infringe upon intellectual property rights of third
parties and any infringement could require us to incur substantial costs and
may
distract our management.
We
are
subject to the risk of claims alleging infringement of third-party proprietary
rights. Substantial litigation regarding intellectual property rights exists
in
the software industry. In the ordinary course of our business, our services
may
be increasingly subject to third-party infringement claims as the number of
competitors in our industry segment grows and the functionality of services
in
different industry segments overlaps. Some of our competitors in the market
for
real-time sales, marketing and customer service solutions may have filed or
may
intend to file patent applications covering aspects of their technology. Any
claims alleging infringement of third-party intellectual property rights could
require us to spend significant amounts in litigation (even if the claim is
invalid), distract management from other tasks of operating our business, pay
substantial damage awards, prevent us from selling our products, delay delivery
of the LivePerson services, develop non-infringing software, technology,
business processes, systems or other intellectual property (none of which might
be successful), or limit our ability to use the intellectual property that
is
the subject of any of these claims, unless we enter into license agreements
with
the third parties (which may be unavailable on commercially reasonable terms,
or
not available at all). Therefore, such claims could have a material adverse
effect on our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
We
may be liable if third parties misappropriate personal information belonging
to
our clients’ Internet users.
We
maintain dialogue transcripts of the text-based chats and email interactions
between our clients and Internet users and store on our servers information
supplied voluntarily by these Internet users in surveys. We provide this
information to our clients to allow them to perform Internet user analyses
and
monitor the effectiveness of our services. Some of the information we collect
may include personal information, such as contact and demographic information.
If third parties were able to penetrate our network security or otherwise
misappropriate personal information relating to our clients’ Internet users or
the text of customer service inquiries, we could be subject to liability. We
could be subject to negligence claims or claims for misuse of personal
information. These claims could result in litigation, which could have a
material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial
condition. We may incur significant costs to protect against the threat of
security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by such breaches.
The
need
to physically secure and securely transmit confidential information online
has
been a significant barrier to electronic commerce and online communications.
Any
well-publicized compromise of security could deter people from using online
services such as the ones we offer, or from using them to conduct transactions,
which involve transmitting confidential information. Because our success depends
on the general acceptance of our services and electronic commerce, we may incur
significant costs to protect against the threat of security breaches or to
alleviate problems caused by these breaches.
Political,
economic and military conditions in Israel could negatively impact our Israeli
operations.
Our
product development staff, help desk and online sales personnel are located
in
Israel. As of June 30, 2005, we had 37 full-time employees in Israel and as
of
December 31, 2004, we had 30 full-time employees in Israel. Although
substantially all of our sales to date have been made to customers outside
Israel, we are directly influenced by the political, economic and military
conditions affecting Israel. Since the establishment of the State of Israel
in
1948, a number of armed conflicts have taken place between Israel and its Arab
neighbors. A state of hostility, varying in degree and intensity, has caused
security and economic problems in Israel. Further, since September 2000, there
has been a significant deterioration in the relationship between Israel and
the
Palestinian Authority and serious violence has ensued, the peace
process
between the parties has stagnated, and Israel’s relationship with several Arab
countries has been adversely affected. Moreover, hostilities during 2002, 2003
and 2004 escalated significantly, with increased attacks in Israel and an armed
conflict between Israel and the Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza. Efforts
to resolve the conflict have failed to result in an agreeable solution. The
future of relations between the Palestinian Authority and Israel is uncertain,
and the execution of Israel’s plan of a unilateral disengagement from Gaza and
some parts of the West Bank may negatively affect the overall stability of
the
region. Continued hostilities between the Palestinian community and Israel
and
any failure to settle the conflict could adversely affect our operations in
Israel and our business. Further deterioration of the situation into a
full-scale armed conflict might require more widespread military reserve service
by some of our Israeli employees and might result in a significant downturn
in
the economic or financial condition of Israel, either of which could have a
material adverse effect on our operations in Israel and our business. In
addition, several Arab countries still restrict business with Israeli companies.
Our operations in Israel could be adversely affected by restrictive laws or
policies directed towards Israel and Israeli businesses.
Risks
Related to Our Industry
We
are dependent on the continued use of the Internet as a medium for
commerce.
We
cannot
be sure that a sufficiently broad base of consumers will continue to use the
Internet as a medium for commerce. Convincing our clients to offer real-time
sales, marketing and customer service technology may be difficult.
The
continuation of the Internet as a viable commercial marketplace is subject
to a
number of factors, including:
· |
continued
growth in the number of users;
|
· |
concerns
about transaction security;
|
· |
continued
development of the necessary technological
infrastructure;
|
· |
development
of enabling technologies;
|
· |
uncertain
and increasing government regulation;
and
|
· |
the
development of complementary services and
products.
|
We
depend on the continued viability of the infrastructure of the
Internet.
To
the
extent that the Internet continues to experience growth in the number of users
and frequency of use by consumers resulting in increased bandwidth demands,
we
cannot assure you that the infrastructure for the Internet will be able to
support the demands placed upon it. The Internet has experienced outages and
delays as a result of damage to portions of its infrastructure. Outages or
delays could adversely affect online sites, email and the level of traffic
on
the Internet. We also depend on Internet service providers that provide our
clients and Internet users with access to the LivePerson services. In the past,
users have experienced difficulties due to system failures unrelated to our
service. In addition, the Internet could lose its viability due to delays in
the
adoption of new standards and protocols required to handle increased levels
of
Internet activity. Insufficient availability of telecommunications services
to
support the Internet also could result in slower response times and negatively
impact use of the Internet generally, and our clients’ sites (including the
LivePerson dialogue windows) in particular. If the use of the Internet fails
to
grow or grows more slowly than expected, if the infrastructure for the Internet
does not effectively support growth that may occur or if the Internet does
not
become a viable commercial marketplace, we may not maintain profitability and
our business, results of operations and financial condition will
suffer.
We
may become subject to burdensome government regulation and legal
uncertainties.
We
are
subject to federal, state and local regulation, and laws of jurisdictions
outside of the United States, including laws and regulations applicable to
computer software and access to or commerce over the Internet. Due to the
increasing popularity and use of the Internet and various other online services,
it is likely that a number of new laws and regulations will be adopted with
respect to the Internet or other online services covering issues such as user
privacy, freedom of expression, pricing, content and quality of products and
services, taxation, advertising, intellectual property rights and information
security. The nature of such legislation and the manner in which it may be
interpreted and enforced cannot be fully determined and, therefore, such
legislation could subject us and/or our clients or Internet users to potential
liability, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business,
results of operations and financial condition.
As
a
result of collecting data from live online Internet user dialogues, our clients
may be able to analyze the commercial habits of Internet users. Privacy concerns
may cause Internet users to avoid online sites that collect such behavioral
information and even the perception of security and privacy concerns, whether
or
not valid, may indirectly inhibit market acceptance of our services. In
addition, we or our clients may be harmed by any laws or regulations that
restrict the ability to collect or use this data. The European Union and many
countries within the E.U. have adopted privacy directives or laws that strictly
regulate the collection and use of personally identifiable information of
Internet users. The United States has adopted legislation which governs the
collection and use of certain personal information. The U.S. Federal Trade
Commission has also taken action against Web site operators who do not comply
with their stated privacy policies. Furthermore, other foreign jurisdictions
have adopted legislation governing the collection and use of personal
information. These and other governmental efforts may limit our clients’ ability
to collect and use information about their Internet users through our services.
As a result, such laws and efforts could create uncertainty in the marketplace
that could reduce demand for our services or increase the cost of doing business
as a result of litigation costs or increased service delivery costs, or could
in
some other manner have a material adverse effect on our business, results of
operations and financial condition.
For
example, the LivePerson services allow our clients to capture and save
information about Internet users, possibly without their knowledge.
Additionally, our service uses a tool, commonly referred to as a “cookie,” to
uniquely identify each of our clients’ Internet users. To the extent that
additional legislation regarding Internet user privacy is enacted, such as
legislation governing the collection and use of information regarding Internet
users through the use of cookies, the effectiveness of the LivePerson services
could be impaired by restricting us from collecting information which may be
valuable to our clients. The foregoing could have a material adverse effect
our
business, results of operations and financial condition.
In
addition to privacy legislation, any new legislation or regulation regarding
the
Internet, or the application of existing laws and regulations to the Internet,
could harm us. Additionally, as we operate outside the U.S., the international
regulatory environment relating to the Internet could have a material adverse
effect on our business, results of operations and financial
condition.
Security
concerns could hinder commerce on the Internet.
User
concerns about the security of confidential information online has been a
significant barrier to commerce on the Internet and online communications.
Any
well-publicized compromise of security could deter people from using the
Internet or other online services or from using them to conduct transactions
that involve the transmission of confidential information. If Internet commerce
is inhibited as a result of such security concerns, our business would be
harmed.
Other
Risks
Our
stockholders who each own greater than five percent of the outstanding common
stock, and our executive officers and directors, will be able to influence
matters requiring a stockholder vote.
Our
stockholders who each own greater than five percent of the outstanding common
stock and their affiliates, and our executive officers and directors, in the
aggregate, beneficially own approximately 45.6% of our outstanding common stock.
As a result, these stockholders, if acting together, will be able to
significantly influence all matters requiring approval by our stockholders,
including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate
transactions. This concentration of ownership could also have the effect of
delaying or preventing a change in control.
The
future sale of shares of our common stock may negatively affect our stock
price.
If
our
stockholders sell substantial amounts of our common stock, including shares
issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options and warrants in the public
market, or if our stockholders are perceived by the market as intending to
sell
substantial amounts of our common stock, the market price of our common stock
could fall. These sales also might make it more difficult for us to sell equity
securities in the future at a time and price that we deem appropriate. The
number of shares of common stock subject to the registration statement we filed
in January 2004, registering our issuance and sale from time to time of up
to
4,000,000 shares of common stock, is much greater than the average weekly
trading volume for our shares. No prediction can be made as to the effect,
if
any, that market sales of these or other shares of our common stock will have
on
the market price of our common stock.
Our
stock price has been highly volatile and may experience extreme price and volume
fluctuations in the future, which could reduce the value of your investment
and
subject us to litigation.
Fluctuations
in market price and volume are particularly common among securities of Internet
and other technology companies. The market price of our common stock has
fluctuated significantly in the past and may continue to be highly volatile,
with extreme price and volume fluctuations, in response to the following
factors, some of which are beyond our control:
· |
variations
in our quarterly operating results;
|
· |
changes
in market valuations of publicly-traded companies in general and
Internet
and other technology companies in
particular;
|
· |
our
announcements of significant client contracts, acquisitions and our
ability to integrate these acquisitions, strategic partnerships,
joint
ventures or capital commitments;
|
· |
our
failure to complete significant
sales;
|
· |
additions
or departures of key personnel;
|
· |
future
sales of our common stock;
|
· |
changes
in financial estimates by securities analysts;
and
|
· |
terrorist
attacks against the United States or in Israel, the engagement in
hostilities or an escalation of hostilities by or against the United
States or Israel, or the declaration of war or national emergency
by the
United States or Israel.
|
In
the
past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their
stock have been the subject of securities class action litigation. We may in
the
future be the target of similar litigation, which could result in substantial
costs and distract management from other important aspects of operating our
business.
Anti-takeover
provisions in our charter documents and Delaware law may make it difficult
for a
third party to acquire us.
Provisions
of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, such as our staggered
Board of Directors, the manner in which director vacancies may be filled and
provisions regarding the calling of stockholder meetings, could make it more
difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so might be beneficial
to our stockholders. In addition, provisions of our amended and restated bylaws,
such as advance notice requirements for stockholder proposals, and applicable
provisions of Delaware law, such as the application of business combination
limitations, could impose similar difficulties. Further, provisions of our
amended and restated certificate of incorporation relating to directors,
stockholder meetings, limitation of director liability, indemnification and
amendment of the certificate of incorporation and bylaws may not be amended
without the affirmative vote of not less than 66.67% of the outstanding shares
of our capital stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors
(considered for this purpose as a single class) cast at a meeting of our
stockholders called for that purpose. Our amended and restated bylaws may not
be
amended without the affirmative vote of at least 66.67% of our Board of
Directors or without the affirmative vote of not less than 66.67% of the
outstanding shares of our capital stock entitled to vote generally in the
election of directors (considered for this purpose as a single class) cast
at a
meeting of our stockholders called for that purpose.
ITEM
3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET
RISK
Currency
Rate Fluctuations
Through
June 30, 2005, our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows
have not been materially affected by changes in the relative values of non-U.S.
currencies to the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our wholly-owned
Israeli subsidiary, HumanClick Ltd., is the U.S. dollar. We do not use
derivative financial instruments to limit our foreign currency risk
exposure.
Collection
Risk
Our
accounts receivable are subject, in the normal course of business, to collection
risks. We regularly assess these risks and have established policies and
business practices to protect against the adverse effects of collection risks.
We increased our allowance for doubtful accounts by $30,000 to approximately
$84,000 in the six months ended June 30, 2005, principally due to an increase
in
accounts receivable as a result of increased sales. During the year ended
December 31, 2004, we increased our allowance for doubtful accounts by $30,000,
principally due to an increase in accounts receivable as a result of increased
sales, and we wrote off approximately $40,000 of previously reserved accounts,
leaving a net allowance of $54,000 at December 31, 2004.
Interest
Rate Risk
Our
investments consist of cash and cash equivalents. Therefore, changes in the
market’s interest rates do not affect in any material respect the value of the
investments as recorded by us.
ITEM
4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Our
management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer,
evaluated the effectiveness of our “disclosure controls and procedures,” as that
term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange
Act
of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of June 30, 2005. Based on that
evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded
that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of June 30, 2005
to ensure that the information we are required to disclose in the reports that
we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized
and
reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange
Commission’s rules and forms, and to ensure that such information is accumulated
and communicated to our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and
Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding
required disclosure.
There
were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the
quarter ended June 30, 2005 identified in connection with the evaluation thereof
by our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial
Officer, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially
affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART
II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM
4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
We
held
our Annual Meeting of Stockholders on May 24, 2005.
The
stockholders elected Steven Berns and Timothy E. Bixby as Class II directors,
in
each case for a three-year term expiring at the 2008 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders and upon the election and qualification of his
successor.
The
stockholders approved an amendment to the LivePerson, Inc. Amended and Restated
2000 Stock Incentive Plan, which increases the number of options granted to
non-employee directors under the automatic option grant program.
The
stockholders ratified the appointment of BDO Seidman, LLP as our independent
registered public accounting firm for the fiscal year ending December 31,
2005.
Shares
of
Common Stock were voted as follows:
Director
Nominee or Proposal
|
|
For
|
|
Against/Withheld
|
|
Abstentions
|
|
Broker
Non-
Votes
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Steven
Berns
|
|
|
34,262,730
|
|
|
180,338
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
Timothy
E. Bixby
|
|
|
29,641,300
|
|
|
4,801,768
|
|
|
—
|
|
|
—
|
|
Amendment
to Amended and Restated 2000 Stock Incentive Plan
|
|
|
13,919,415
|
|
|
6,717,753
|
|
|
647,608
|
|
|
13,158,292
|
|
Ratification
of BDO Seidman, LLP
|
|
|
34,324,218
|
|
|
115,550
|
|
|
3,300
|
|
|
—
|
|
ITEM
6. EXHIBITS
The
following exhibits are filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q:
|
10.3
|
Amended
and Restated 2000 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended as of April 21,
2005
|
|
31.1
|
Certification
by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a),
as
adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002
|
|
31.2
|
Certification
by Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a),
as
adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002
|
|
32.1
|
Certification
by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as
adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002
|
|
32.2
|
Certification
by Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as
adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002
|
SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the
registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
|
|
|
|
LIVEPERSON,
INC.
(Registrant)
|
|
|
|
Date: August
8, 2005 |
By: |
/s/
ROBERT P. LOCASCIO |
|
|
|
Name:
Robert P. LoCascio
Title: Chief Executive
Officer
(duly authorized officer)
|
|
|
|
Date: August
8, 2005 |
By: |
/s/ TIMOTHY
E. BIXBY |
|
|
|
Name:
Timothy E. Bixby
Title: President, Chief
Financial
Officer and Secretary
(principal
financial and accounting
officer)
|
EXHIBIT
INDEX
EXHIBIT
10.3 |
Amended
and Restated 2000 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended as of April 21,
2005
|
31.1
|
Certification
by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a),
as
adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002
|
31.2
|
Certification
by Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a),
as
adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002
|
32.1
|
Certification
by Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as
adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002
|
32.2
|
Certification
by Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as
adopted
pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002
|
EXHIBIT
10.3
LIVEPERSON,
INC.
2000
STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN
(as
Amended and Restated as of April 22, 2004)
(as
Amended as of April 21, 2005)
ARTICLE
ONE
GENERAL
PROVISIONS
This
2000
Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) is intended to promote the interests of
LivePerson, Inc., a Delaware corporation, by providing eligible persons with
the
opportunity to acquire a proprietary interest, or otherwise increase their
proprietary interest, in the Corporation as an incentive for them to remain
in
the service of the Corporation. The Plan was amended and restated as of April
22, 2004 and approved by stockholders at the Corporation’s 2004 Annual Meeting
of Stockholders on May 27, 2004. The Plan is further amended as of April 21,
2005, subject to stockholder approval at the Corporation’s 2005 Annual Meeting
of Stockholders.
Capitalized
terms shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in the attached
Appendix
A.
|
II. |
STRUCTURE
OF THE PLAN
|
A. The
Plan
shall be divided into five separate equity incentive programs:
(i) the
Discretionary Option Grant Program under which eligible persons may, at the
discretion of the Plan Administrator, be granted options to purchase shares
of
Common Stock,
(ii) the
Salary Investment Option Grant Program under which eligible employees may elect
to have a portion of their base salary invested each year in special options,
(iii) the
Stock
Issuance Program under which eligible persons may, at the discretion of the
Plan
Administrator, be issued shares of Common Stock directly, either through the
immediate purchase of such shares or as a bonus for services rendered the
Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary),
(iv) the
Automatic Option Grant Program under which eligible non-employee Board members
shall automatically receive options at periodic intervals to purchase shares
of
Common Stock, and
(v) the
Director Fee Option Grant Program under which non-employee Board members may
elect to have all or any portion of their annual retainer fee otherwise payable
in cash applied to a special option grant.
B. The
provisions of Articles One and Seven shall apply to all equity programs under
the Plan and shall govern the interests of all persons under the
Plan.
|
III. |
ADMINISTRATION
OF THE PLAN
|
A. Prior
to
the Section 12 Registration Date, the Discretionary Option Grant and Stock
Issuance Programs shall be administered by the Board unless otherwise determined
by the Board. Beginning with the Section 12 Registration Date, the
following provisions shall govern the administration of the Plan:
(i) The
Board
shall have the authority to administer the Discretionary Option Grant and Stock
Issuance Programs with respect to Section 16 Insiders but may delegate such
authority in whole or in part to the Primary Committee.
(ii) Administration
of the Discretionary Option Grant and Stock Issuance Programs with respect
to
all other persons eligible to participate in those programs may, at the Board’s
discretion, be vested in the Primary Committee or a Secondary Committee, or
the
Board may retain the power to administer those programs with respect to all
such
persons.
(iii) The
Board
(or Primary Committee) shall select the Section 16 Insiders and other
highly compensated Employees eligible to participate in the Salary Investment
Option Grant Program. However, all option grants under the Salary Investment
Option Grant Program shall be made in accordance with the terms of that program
and the Primary Committee shall not exercise any administrative discretion
with
respect to option grants made under the program.
(iv) Administration
of the Automatic Option Grant and Director Fee Option Grant Programs shall
be
self-executing in accordance with the terms of those programs.
B. Each
Plan
Administrator shall, within the scope of its administrative jurisdiction under
the Plan, have full power and authority subject to the provisions of the
Plan:
(i) to
establish such rules as it may deem appropriate for proper administration of
the
Plan, to make all factual determinations, to construe and interpret the
provisions of the Plan and the awards thereunder and to resolve any and all
ambiguities thereunder;
(ii) to
determine, with respect to awards made under the Discretionary Option Grant
and
Stock Issuance Programs, which eligible persons are to receive such awards,
the
time or times when such awards are to be made, the number of shares to be
covered by each such award, the vesting schedule (if any) applicable to the
award, the status of a granted option as either an Incentive Option or a
Non-Statutory Option and the maximum term for which the option is to remain
outstanding;
(iii) to
amend,
modify or cancel any outstanding award with the consent of the holder or
accelerate the vesting of such award; and
(iv) to
take
such other discretionary actions as permitted pursuant to the terms of the
applicable program.
Decisions
of each Plan Administrator within the scope of its administrative functions
under the Plan shall be final and binding on all parties.
C. Members
of the Primary Committee or any Secondary Committee shall serve for such period
of time as the Board may determine and may be removed by the Board at any time.
The Board may also at any time terminate the functions of any Secondary
Committee and reassume all powers and authority previously delegated to such
committee.
D. Service
on the Primary Committee or the Secondary Committee shall constitute service
as
a Board member, and members of each such committee shall accordingly be entitled
to full indemnification and reimbursement as Board members for their service
on
such committee. No member of the Primary Committee or the Secondary Committee
shall be liable for any act or omission made in good faith with respect to
the
Plan or any options or stock issuances under the Plan.
A. The
persons eligible to participate in the Discretionary Option Grant and Stock
Issuance Programs are as follows:
(i) Employees,
(ii) non-employee
members of the Board or the board of directors of any Parent or Subsidiary,
and
(iii) consultants
and other independent advisors (whether natural persons or entities) who provide
services to the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary).
B. Only
Employees who are Section 16 Insiders or other highly compensated individuals
shall be eligible to participate in the Salary Investment Option Grant
Program.
C. Only
non-employee Board members shall be eligible to participate in the Automatic
Option Grant and Director Fee Option Grant Programs.
|
V. |
STOCK
SUBJECT TO THE PLAN
|
A. The
stock
issuable under the Plan shall be shares of authorized but unissued or reacquired
Common Stock, including shares repurchased by the Corporation on the open
market. The number of shares of Common Stock initially reserved for issuance
over the term of the Plan shall be Ten Million (10,000,000) shares. Such reserve
shall consist of (i) the number of shares estimated to remain available
for
issuance, as of the Section 12 Registration Date, under the Predecessor Plan,
including the shares subject to the outstanding options to be incorporated
into
the Plan and the additional shares which would otherwise be available for future
grant, plus (ii) an increase of Four Million One Hundred Sixty Five Thousand
Three Hundred Fifteen (4,165,315) shares authorized by the Board subject to
stockholder approval prior to the Section 12 Registration Date.
B. The
number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the Plan shall
automatically increase on the first trading day of January each calendar year
during the term of the Plan, beginning with the calendar year 2001, by an amount
equal to three percent (3%) of the total number of shares of Common Stock
outstanding on the last trading day in December of the immediately preceding
calendar year, but in no event shall such annual increase exceed One Million
Five Hundred Thousand (1,500,000) shares.
C. No
one
person participating in the Plan may receive options, separately exercisable
stock appreciation rights and direct stock issuances for more than Five Hundred
Thousand (500,000) shares of Common Stock in the aggregate per calendar
year.
D. Shares
of
Common Stock subject to outstanding options (including options incorporated
into
this Plan from the Predecessor Plan) shall be available for subsequent issuance
under the Plan to the extent those options expire, terminate or are cancelled
for any reason prior to exercise in full. Unvested shares issued under the
Plan
and subsequently repurchased by the Corporation, at the original exercise or
issue price paid per share, pursuant to the Corporation’s repurchase rights
under the Plan shall be added back to the number of shares of Common Stock
reserved for issuance under the Plan and shall accordingly be available for
reissuance through one or more subsequent options or direct stock issuances
under the Plan. However, should the exercise price of an option under the Plan
be paid with shares of Common Stock or should shares of Common Stock otherwise
issuable under the Plan be withheld by the Corporation in satisfaction of the
exercise price of an option under the Plan or withholding taxes incurred in
connection with the exercise of an option or the vesting of a stock issuance
under the Plan, then the number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance
under the Plan shall be reduced by the gross number of shares for which the
option is exercised or which vest under the stock issuance, and not by the
net
number of shares of Common Stock issued to the holder of such option or stock
issuance. Shares of Common Stock underlying one or more stock appreciation
rights exercised under the Plan shall not
be
available for subsequent issuance.
E. If
any
change is made to the Common Stock by reason of any stock split, stock dividend,
recapitalization, combination of shares, exchange of shares or other change
affecting the outstanding Common Stock as a class without the Corporation’s
receipt of consideration, appropriate adjustments shall be made to (i) the
maximum number and/or class of securities issuable under the Plan, (ii) the
number and/or class of securities by which the share reserve is to increase
each
calendar year pursuant to the automatic share increase provisions of the Plan,
(iii) the number and/or class of securities for which any one person may be
granted options, separately exercisable stock appreciation rights and direct
stock issuances under the Plan per calendar year, (iv) the number and/or class
of securities for which grants are subsequently to be made under the Automatic
Option Grant Program to new and continuing non-employee Board members, (v)
the
number and/or class of securities and the exercise price per share in effect
under each outstanding option under the Plan and (vi) the number and/or class
of
securities and price per share in effect under each outstanding option
incorporated into this Plan from the Predecessor Plan. Such adjustments to
the
outstanding options are to be effected in a manner which shall preclude the
enlargement or dilution of rights and benefits under such options. The
adjustments determined by the Plan Administrator shall be final, binding and
conclusive.
ARTICLE
TWO
DISCRETIONARY
OPTION GRANT PROGRAM
Each
option shall be evidenced by one or more documents in the form approved by
the
Plan Administrator; provided,
however, that each such document shall comply with the terms specified below.
Each document evidencing an Incentive Option shall, in addition, be subject
to
the provisions of the Plan applicable to such options.
A. Exercise
Price.
1. The
exercise price per share shall be fixed by the Plan Administrator at the time
of
the option grant and may be less than, equal to or greater than the Fair Market
Value per share of Common Stock on the option grant date.
2. The
exercise price shall become immediately due upon exercise of the option and
shall, subject to the provisions of Section II of Article Seven
and
the documents evidencing the option, be payable in one or more of the following
forms:
(i) in
cash
or check made payable to the Corporation;
(ii) shares
of
Common Stock held for the requisite period necessary to avoid a charge to the
Corporation’s earnings for financial reporting purposes and valued at Fair
Market Value on the Exercise Date;
(iii) to
the
extent the option is exercised for vested shares, through a special sale and
remittance procedure pursuant to which the Optionee shall concurrently provide
irrevocable instructions to (a) a Corporation-designated brokerage firm to
effect the immediate sale of the purchased shares and remit to the Corporation,
out of the sale proceeds available on the settlement date, sufficient funds
to
cover the aggregate exercise price payable for the purchased shares plus all
applicable Federal, state and local income and employment taxes required to
be
withheld by the Corporation by reason of such exercise and (b) the
Corporation to deliver the certificates for the purchased shares directly to
such brokerage firm in order to complete the sale; or
(iv) on
such
other terms and conditions as may be acceptable to the Plan Administrator
(including, without limitation, the relinquishment of options). No shares of
Common Stock shall be issued until payment therefore, as provided herein, has
been made or provided for.
Except
to
the extent such sale and remittance procedure is utilized, payment of the
exercise price for the purchased shares must be made on the Exercise
Date.
B. Exercise
and Term of Options.
Each
option shall be exercisable at such time or times, during such period and for
such number of shares as shall be determined by the Plan Administrator and
set
forth in the documents evidencing the option. However, no option shall have
a
term in excess of ten (10) years measured from the option grant
date.
C. Cessation
of Service.
1. The
following provisions shall govern the exercise of any options outstanding at
the
time of the Optionee’s cessation of Service or death:
(i) Any
option outstanding at the time of the Optionee’s cessation of Service for any
reason shall remain exercisable for such period of time thereafter as shall
be
determined by the Plan Administrator and set forth in the documents evidencing
the option, but no such option shall be exercisable after the expiration of
the
option term.
(ii) Any
option exercisable in whole or in part by the Optionee at the time of death
may
be subsequently exercised by his or her Beneficiary.
(iii) During
the applicable post-Service exercise period, the option may not be exercised
in
the aggregate for more than the number of vested shares for which the option
is
exercisable on the date of the Optionee’s cessation of Service. Upon the
expiration of the applicable exercise period or (if earlier) upon the expiration
of the option term, the option shall terminate and cease to be outstanding
for
any vested shares for which the option has not been exercised. However, the
option shall, immediately upon the Optionee’s cessation of Service, terminate
and cease to be outstanding to the extent the option is not otherwise at that
time exercisable for vested shares.
(iv) Should
the Optionee’s Service be terminated for Misconduct or should the Optionee
engage in Misconduct while his or her options are outstanding, then all such
options shall terminate immediately and cease to be outstanding.
2. The
Plan
Administrator shall have complete discretion, exercisable either at the time
an
option is granted or at any time while the option remains
outstanding:
(v) to
extend
the period of time for which the option is to remain exercisable following
the
Optionee’s cessation of Service to such period of time as the Plan Administrator
shall deem appropriate, but in no event beyond the expiration of the option
term, and/or
(vi) to
permit
the option to be exercised, during the applicable post-Service exercise period,
for one or more additional installments in which the Optionee would have vested
had the Optionee continued in Service.
D. Stockholder
Rights.
The
holder of an option shall have no stockholder rights with respect to the shares
subject to the option until such person shall have exercised the option, paid
the exercise price and become a holder of record of the purchased
shares.
E. Repurchase
Rights.
The Plan
Administrator shall have the discretion to grant options which are exercisable
for unvested shares of Common Stock. Should the Optionee cease Service while
holding such unvested shares, the Corporation shall have the right to
repurchase, at the exercise price paid per share, any or all of those unvested
shares. The terms upon which such repurchase right shall be exercisable
(including the period and procedure for exercise and the appropriate vesting
schedule for the purchased shares) shall be established by the Plan
Administrator and set forth in the document evidencing such repurchase right.
F. Limited
Transferability of Options.
During
the lifetime of the Optionee, Incentive Options shall be exercisable only by
the
Optionee and shall not be assignable or transferable other than by will or
by
the laws of inheritance following the Optionee’s death. Non-Statutory Options
shall be subject to the same restrictions, except that a Non-Statutory Option
may, to the extent permitted by the Plan Administrator, be assigned in whole
or
in part during the Optionee’s lifetime (i) as a gift to one or more members of
the Optionee’s immediate family, to a trust in which Optionee and/or one or more
such family members hold more than fifty percent (50%) of the beneficial
interest or to an entity in which more than fifty percent (50%) of the voting
interests are owned by one or more such family members or (ii) pursuant to
a
domestic relations order. The terms applicable to the assigned portion shall
be
the same as those in effect for the option immediately prior to such assignment
and shall be set forth in such documents issued to the assignee as the Plan
Administrator may deem appropriate. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Plan
Administrator may, in its discretion, permit a consultant or independent advisor
entity that is awarded Non-Statutory Options to transfer any or all such
Non-Statutory Options awarded.
Notwithstanding
the foregoing, the Optionee may also designate one or more persons as the
beneficiary or beneficiaries of his or her outstanding options, and those
options shall, in accordance with such designation, automatically be transferred
to such beneficiary or beneficiaries upon the Optionee’s death while holding
those options. Such beneficiary or beneficiaries shall take the transferred
options subject to all the terms and conditions of the applicable agreement
evidencing each such transferred option, including (without limitation) the
limited time period during which the option may be exercised following the
Optionee’s death.
The
terms
specified below shall be applicable to all Incentive Options. Except as modified
by the provisions of this Section II, all the provisions of Articles One, Two
and Six shall be applicable to Incentive Options. Options which are specifically
designated as Non-Statutory Options when issued under the Plan shall
not
be
subject to the terms of this Section II.
A. Eligibility.
Incentive Options may only be granted to Employees.
B. Exercise
Price.
The
exercise price per share shall not be less than one hundred percent (100%)
of
the Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock on the option grant
date.
C. Dollar
Limitation.
The
aggregate Fair Market Value of the shares of Common Stock (determined as of
the
respective date or dates of grant) for which one or more options granted to
any
Employee under the Plan (or any other option plan of the Corporation or any
Parent or Subsidiary) may for the first time become exercisable as Incentive
Options during any one calendar year shall not exceed the sum of One Hundred
Thousand Dollars ($100,000). To the extent the Employee holds two (2) or more
such options which become exercisable for the first time in the same calendar
year, the foregoing limitation on the exercisability of such options as
Incentive Options shall be applied on the basis of the order in which such
options are granted.
D. 10%
Stockholder.
If any
Employee to whom an Incentive Option is granted is a 10% Stockholder, then
the
exercise price per share shall not be less than one hundred ten percent (110%)
of the Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock on the option grant date,
and
the option term shall not exceed five (5) years measured from the option grant
date.
|
III. |
CHANGE
IN CONTROL/HOSTILE
TAKE-OVER
|
A. Each
option outstanding at the time of a Change in Control but not otherwise
fully-vested shall automatically accelerate so that each such option shall,
immediately prior to the effective date of the Change in Control, become
exercisable for all of the shares of Common Stock at the time subject to that
option and may be exercised for any or all of those shares as fully-vested
shares of Common Stock. However, an outstanding option shall not so accelerate
if and to the extent: (i) such option is, in connection with the Change in
Control, assumed or otherwise continued in full force and effect by the
successor corporation (or parent thereof) pursuant to the terms of the Change
in
Control, (ii) such option is replaced with a cash incentive program of the
successor corporation which preserves the spread existing at the time of the
Change in Control on the shares of Common Stock for which the option is not
otherwise at that time exercisable and provides for subsequent payout in
accordance with the same vesting schedule applicable to those option shares
or
(iii) the acceleration of such option is subject to other limitations imposed
by
the Plan Administrator at the time of the option grant. Each option outstanding
at the time of the Change in Control shall terminate as provided in Section
III.C. of this Article Two.
B. All
outstanding repurchase rights shall also terminate automatically, and the shares
of Common Stock subject to those terminated rights shall immediately vest in
full, in the event of any Change in Control, except to the extent: (i) those
repurchase rights are assigned to the successor corporation (or parent thereof)
or otherwise continue in full force and effect pursuant to the terms of the
Change in Control or (ii) such accelerated vesting is precluded by other
limitations imposed by the Plan Administrator at the time the repurchase right
is issued.
C. Immediately
following the consummation of the Change in Control, all outstanding options
shall terminate and cease to be outstanding, except to the extent assumed by
the
successor corporation (or parent thereof) or otherwise expressly continued
in
full force and effect pursuant to the terms of the Change in Control.
D. Each
option which is assumed in connection with a Change in Control shall be
appropriately adjusted, immediately after such Change in Control, to apply
to
the number and class of securities which would have been issuable to the
Optionee in consummation of such Change in Control had the option been exercised
immediately prior to such Change in Control. Appropriate adjustments to reflect
such Change in Control shall also be made to (i) the exercise price payable
per
share under each outstanding option, provided
the
aggregate exercise price payable for such securities shall remain the same,
(ii)
the maximum number and/or class of securities available for issuance over the
remaining term of the Plan and (iii) the maximum number and/or class of
securities for which any one person may be granted options, separately
exercisable stock appreciation rights and direct stock issuances under the
Plan
per calendar year. To the extent the actual holders of the Corporation’s
outstanding Common Stock receive cash consideration for their Common Stock
in
consummation of the Change in Control, the successor corporation may, in
connection with the assumption of the outstanding options, substitute one or
more shares of its own common stock with a fair market value equivalent to
the
cash consideration paid per share of Common Stock in such Change in
Control.
E. The
Plan
Administrator may at any time provide that one or more options will
automatically accelerate in connection with a Change in Control, whether or
not
those options are assumed or otherwise continued in full force and effect
pursuant to the terms of the Change in Control. Any such option shall
accordingly become exercisable, immediately prior to the effective date of
such
Change in Control, for all of the shares of Common Stock at the time subject
to
that option and may be exercised for any or all of those shares as fully-vested
shares of Common Stock. In addition, the Plan Administrator may at any time
provide that one or more of the Corporation’s repurchase rights shall not be
assignable in connection with such Change in Control and shall terminate upon
the consummation of such Change in Control.
F. The
Plan
Administrator may at any time provide that one or more options will
automatically accelerate upon an Involuntary Termination of the Optionee’s
Service within a designated period (not to exceed eighteen (18) months)
following the effective date of any Change in Control in which those options
do
not otherwise accelerate. Any options so accelerated shall remain exercisable
for fully-vested shares until the earlier
of (i)
the expiration of the option term or (ii) the expiration of the one (1) year
period measured from the effective date of the Involuntary Termination. In
addition, the Plan Administrator may at any time provide that one or more of
the
Corporation’s repurchase rights shall immediately terminate upon such
Involuntary Termination.
G. The
Plan
Administrator may at any time provide that one or more options will
automatically accelerate in connection with a Hostile Take-Over. Any such option
shall become exercisable, immediately prior to the effective date of such
Hostile Take-Over, for all of the shares of Common Stock at the time subject
to
that option and may be exercised for any or all of those shares as fully-vested
shares of Common Stock. In addition, the Plan Administrator may at any time
provide that one or more of the Corporation’s repurchase rights shall terminate
automatically upon the consummation of such Hostile Take-Over. Alternatively,
the Plan Administrator may condition such automatic acceleration and termination
upon an Involuntary Termination of the Optionee’s Service within a designated
period (not to exceed eighteen (18) months) following the effective date of
such
Hostile Take-Over. Each option so accelerated shall remain exercisable for
fully-vested shares until the expiration or sooner termination of the option
term.
H. The
portion of any Incentive Option accelerated in connection with a Change in
Control or Hostile Take Over shall remain exercisable as an Incentive Option
only to the extent the applicable One Hundred Thousand Dollar ($100,000)
limitation is not exceeded. To the extent such dollar limitation is exceeded,
the accelerated portion of such option shall be exercisable as a Non-Statutory
Option under the Federal tax laws.
|
IV. |
STOCK
APPRECIATION RIGHTS
|
The
Plan
Administrator may, subject to such conditions as it may determine, grant to
selected Optionees stock appreciation rights which will allow the holders of
those rights to elect between the exercise of the underlying option for shares
of Common Stock and the surrender of that option in exchange for a distribution
from the Corporation in an amount equal to the excess of (a) the Option
Surrender Value of the number of shares for which the option is surrendered
over
(b) the aggregate exercise price payable for such shares. The distribution
may be made in shares of Common Stock valued at Fair Market Value on the option
surrender date, in cash, or partly in shares and partly in cash, as the Plan
Administrator shall in its sole discretion deem appropriate.
ARTICLE
THREE
SALARY
INVESTMENT OPTION GRANT PROGRAM
The
Primary Committee may implement the Salary Investment Option Grant Program
for
one or more calendar years beginning after the Underwriting Date and select
the
Section 16 Insiders and other highly compensated Employees eligible to
participate in the Salary Investment Option Grant Program for each such calendar
year. Each selected individual who elects to participate in the Salary
Investment Option Grant Program must, prior to the start of each calendar year
of participation, file with the Plan Administrator (or its designate) an
irrevocable authorization directing the Corporation to reduce his or her base
salary for that calendar year by an amount not less than Five Thousand Dollars
($5,000) nor more than Fifty Thousand Dollars ($50,000). Each individual who
files such a timely election shall be granted an option under the Salary
Investment Grant Program on the first trading day in January for the calendar
year for which the salary reduction is to be in effect.
Each
option shall be a Non-Statutory Option evidenced by one or more documents in
the
form approved by the Plan Administrator; provided,
however, that each such document shall comply with the terms specified
below.
A. Exercise
Price.
1. The
exercise price per share shall be thirty-three and one-third percent (33-1/3%)
of the Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock on the option grant
date.
2. The
exercise price shall become immediately due upon exercise of the option and
shall be payable in one or more of the alternative forms authorized under the
Discretionary Option Grant Program. Except to the extent the sale and remittance
procedure specified thereunder is utilized, payment of the exercise price for
the purchased shares must be made on the Exercise Date.
B. Number
of Option Shares.
The
number of shares of Common Stock subject to the option shall be determined
pursuant to the following formula (rounded down to the nearest whole
number):
X
= A ÷
(B x 66-2/3%), where
X
is the
number of option shares,
A
is the
dollar amount of the approved reduction in the Optionee’s base salary for the
calendar year, and
B
is the
Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock on the option grant date.
C. Exercise
and Term of Options.
The
option shall become exercisable in a series of twelve (12) successive equal
monthly installments upon the Optionee’s completion of each calendar month of
Service in the calendar year for which the salary reduction is in effect. Each
option shall have a maximum term of ten (10) years measured from the option
grant date.
D. Cessation
of Service.
Each
option outstanding at the time of the Optionee’s cessation of Service shall
remain exercisable, for any or all of the shares for which the option is
exercisable at the time of such cessation of Service, until the earlier
of (i)
the expiration of the option term or (ii) the expiration of the three (3)-year
period following the Optionee’s cessation of Service. To the extent the option
is held by the Optionee at the time of his or her death, the option may be
exercised by his or her Beneficiary. However, the option shall, immediately
upon
the Optionee’s cessation of Service, terminate and cease to remain outstanding
with respect to any and all shares of Common Stock for which the option is
not
otherwise at that time exercisable.
|
III. |
CHANGE
IN CONTROL/HOSTILE
TAKE-OVER
|
A. In
the
event of any Change in Control or Hostile Take-Over while the Optionee remains
in Service, each outstanding option shall automatically accelerate so that
each
such option shall, immediately prior to the effective date of the Change in
Control or Hostile Take-Over, become fully exercisable with respect to the
total
number of shares of Common Stock at the time subject to such option and may
be
exercised for any or all of those shares as fully-vested shares of Common Stock.
Each such option accelerated in connection with a Change in Control shall
terminate upon the Change in Control, except to the extent assumed by the
successor corporation (or parent thereof) or otherwise continued in full force
and effect pursuant to the terms of the Change in Control. Each such option
accelerated in connection with a Hostile Take-Over shall remain exercisable
until the expiration or sooner termination of the option term.
B. Each
option which is assumed in connection with a Change in Control shall be
appropriately adjusted to apply to the number and class of securities which
would have been issuable to the Optionee in consummation of such Change in
Control had the option been exercised immediately prior to such Change in
Control. Appropriate adjustments shall also be made to the exercise price
payable per share under each outstanding option, provided
the
aggregate exercise price payable for such securities shall remain the same.
To
the extent the actual holders of the Corporation’s outstanding Common Stock
receive cash consideration for their Common Stock in consummation of the Change
in Control, the successor corporation may, in connection with the assumption
of
the outstanding options, substitute one or more shares of its own common stock
with a fair market value equivalent to the cash consideration paid per share
of
Common Stock in such Change in Control.
C. Upon
the
occurrence of a Hostile Take-Over, the Optionee shall have a thirty (30)-day
period in which to surrender to the Corporation each of his or her outstanding
options. The Optionee shall in return be entitled to a cash distribution from
the Corporation in an amount equal to the excess of (i) the Option Surrender
Value of the shares of Common Stock at the time subject to each surrendered
option (whether or not the Optionee is otherwise at the time vested in those
shares) over (ii) the aggregate exercise price payable for such shares. Such
cash distribution shall be paid within five (5) days following the surrender
of
the option to the Corporation.
The
remaining terms of each option granted under the Salary Investment Option Grant
Program shall be the same as the terms in effect for options made under the
Discretionary Option Grant Program.
ARTICLE
FOUR
STOCK
ISSUANCE PROGRAM
Shares
of
Common Stock may be issued under the Stock Issuance Program through direct
and
immediate stock issuances without any intervening options. Shares of Common
Stock may also be issued under the Stock Issuance Program pursuant to stock
issuances which entitle the recipients to receive those shares upon the
attainment of designated performance objectives or Service requirements. Each
such stock issuance shall be evidenced by one or more documents which comply
with the terms specified below.
A. Purchase
Price.
1. The
purchase price per share of Common Stock subject to direct issuance shall be
fixed by the Plan Administrator and may be less than, equal to or greater than
the Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock on the issue date.
2. Subject
to the provisions of Section II of Article Seven, shares of Common Stock may
be
issued under the Stock Issuance Program for any of the following items of
consideration which the Plan Administrator may deem appropriate in each
individual instance:
(i) cash
or
check made payable to the Corporation, or
(ii) past
services rendered to the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary).
B. Vesting/Issuance
Provisions.
1. The
Plan
Administrator may issue shares of Common Stock which are fully and immediately
vested upon issuance or which are to vest in one or more installments over
the
Participant’s period of Service or upon attainment of specified performance
objectives (including the Performance Goals specified in Appendix
B
hereto)
or such other factors as the Plan Administrator may determine, in its sole
discretion, including to comply with the requirements of Section 162(m) of
the
Code. Alternatively, the Plan Administrator may issue stock issuances which
shall entitle the recipient to receive a specified number of vested shares
of
Common Stock upon the attainment of one or more Performance Goals or Service
requirements established by the Plan Administrator.
2. Notwithstanding
the foregoing, if the stock issuance is intended to comply with the “performance
based” compensation exception under Section 162(m) of the Code and if the lapse
of restrictions on such stock issuance is based on the attainment of Performance
Goals, the Plan Administrator shall establish the objective Performance Goals
or
grant conditions relating to the applicable vesting percentage of the Common
Stock applicable to each Participant or class of Participants in writing prior
to the beginning of the applicable fiscal year or at such later date as
otherwise determined by the Plan Administrator and while the outcome of the
Performance Goals are substantially uncertain. Such Performance Goals may
incorporate provisions for disregarding (or adjusting for) changes in accounting
methods, corporate transactions (including, without limitation, dispositions
and
acquisitions) and other similar type events or circumstances. The Performance
Goals are set forth in Appendix
B
hereto.
3. A
Participant selected to receive a stock issuance shall not have any rights
with
respect to such issuance, unless and until such Participant has delivered a
fully executed copy of the award agreement evidencing the stock issuance to
the
Corporation and has otherwise complied with the applicable terms and conditions
of such issuance.
4. Any
new,
substituted or additional securities or other property (including money paid
other than as a regular cash dividend) which the Participant may have the right
to receive with respect to his or her unvested shares of Common Stock by reason
of any stock dividend, stock split, recapitalization, combination of shares,
exchange of shares or other change affecting the outstanding Common Stock as
a
class without the Corporation’s receipt of consideration shall be issued subject
to (i) the same vesting requirements applicable to the Participant’s
unvested shares of Common Stock and (ii) such escrow arrangements as
the
Plan Administrator shall deem appropriate.
5. The
Participant shall have full stockholder rights with respect to the issued shares
of Common Stock, whether or not the Participant’s interest in those shares is
vested. Accordingly, the Participant shall have the right to vote such shares
and to receive any regular cash dividends paid on such shares, but shall have
no
right to transfer such shares until vested. Unless otherwise determined by
the
Plan Administrator, the Participant shall not be permitted to transfer shares
of
Common Stock awarded under this Plan during a period set by the Plan
Administrator commencing with the date of such award, as set forth in the
applicable award agreement.
6. Should
the Participant cease to remain in Service while holding one or more unvested
shares of Common Stock, or should the performance objectives not be attained
with respect to one or more such unvested shares of Common Stock, then those
shares shall be immediately surrendered to the Corporation for cancellation,
and
the Participant shall have no further stockholder rights with respect to those
shares. To the extent the surrendered shares were previously issued to the
Participant for consideration paid in cash or cash equivalent (including the
Participant’s purchase-money indebtedness), the Corporation shall repay to the
Participant the cash consideration paid for the surrendered shares and shall
cancel the unpaid principal balance of any outstanding purchase-money note
of
the Participant attributable to the surrendered shares.
7. The
Plan
Administrator may waive the surrender and cancellation of one or more unvested
shares of Common Stock (or other assets attributable thereto) which would
otherwise occur upon the cessation of the Participant’s Service or the
non-attainment of the performance objectives applicable to those shares. Such
waiver shall result in the immediate vesting of the Participant’s interest in
the shares of Common Stock as to which the waiver applies. Such waiver may
be
effected at any time, whether before or after the Participant’s cessation of
Service or the attainment or non-attainment of the applicable performance
objectives.
8. Outstanding
stock issuances shall automatically terminate, and no shares of Common Stock
shall actually be issued in satisfaction of those issuances, if the performance
objectives or Service requirements established for such issuances are not
attained. The Plan Administrator, however, shall have the authority to issue
shares of Common Stock in satisfaction of one or more outstanding stock
issuances as to which the designated performance objectives or Service
requirements are not attained.
|
II. |
CHANGE
IN CONTROL/HOSTILE
TAKE-OVER
|
A. All
of
the Corporation’s outstanding repurchase rights shall terminate automatically,
and all the shares of Common Stock subject to those terminated rights shall
immediately vest in full, in the event of any Change in Control, except to
the
extent (i) those repurchase rights are assigned to the successor corporation
(or
parent thereof) or otherwise continue in full force and effect pursuant to
the
terms of the Change in Control or (ii) such accelerated vesting is precluded
by
other limitations imposed by the Plan Administrator at the time the repurchase
right is issued.
B. The
Plan
Administrator may at any time provide for the automatic termination of one
or
more of those outstanding repurchase rights and the immediate vesting of the
shares of Common Stock subject to those terminated rights upon (i) a Change
in
Control or Hostile Take-Over or (ii) an Involuntary Termination of the
Participant’s Service within a designated period (not to exceed eighteen (18)
months) following the effective date of any Change in Control or Hostile
Take-Over in which those repurchase rights are assigned to the successor
corporation (or parent thereof) or otherwise continue in full force and
effect.
|
III. |
SHARE
ESCROW/LEGENDS
|
Unvested
shares may, in the Plan Administrator’s discretion, be held in escrow by the
Corporation until the Participant’s interest in such shares vests or may be
issued directly to the Participant with restrictive legends on the certificates
evidencing those unvested shares.
ARTICLE
FIVE
AUTOMATIC
OPTION GRANT PROGRAM
A. Grant
Dates.
Options
shall be made on the dates specified below:
1. Each
individual who is first elected or appointed as a non-employee Board member
at
any time after April 21, 2005 shall automatically be granted, on the date of
such initial election or appointment, a Non-Statutory Option to purchase Thirty
Five Thousand (35,000) shares of Common Stock, provided that individual has
not
previously been in the employ of the Corporation (or any Parent or
Subsidiary).
2. On
the
date of the 2005 Annual Stockholder Meeting, each individual who is to continue
to serve as a non-employee Board member shall automatically be granted a
Non-Statutory Option to purchase Thirty Five Thousand (35,000) shares of Common
Stock. On the date of each Annual Stockholders Meeting beginning with the 2006
Annual Stockholder Meeting, each individual who is to continue to serve as
a
non-employee Board member shall automatically be granted a Non-Statutory Option
to purchase Ten Thousand (10,000) shares of Common Stock, provided that
individual has served as a non-employee Board member for at least six (6)
months.
B. Exercise
Price.
1. The
exercise price per share shall be equal to one hundred percent (100%) of the
Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock on the option grant
date.
2. The
exercise price shall be payable in one or more of the alternative forms
authorized under the Discretionary Option Grant Program. Except to the extent
the sale and remittance procedure specified thereunder is utilized, payment
of
the exercise price for the purchased shares must be made on the Exercise
Date.
C. Option
Term.
Each
option shall have a term of ten (10) years measured from the option grant
date.
D. Exercise
and Vesting of Options.
Each
option shall be immediately exercisable for any or all of the option shares.
However, any unvested shares purchased under the option shall be subject to
repurchase by the Corporation, at the exercise price paid per share, upon the
Optionee’s cessation of Board service prior to vesting in those shares. Each
initial 35,000-share option shall vest, and the Corporation’s repurchase right
shall lapse, in a series of three (3) successive equal annual installments
over
the Optionee’s period of continued service as a Board member, with the first
such installment to vest upon the Optionee’s completion of one (1) year of Board
service measured from the option grant date. Each 35,000-share option granted
on
the date of the 2005 Annual Stockholder Meeting, and each annual 10,000-share
option granted thereafter, shall vest, and the Corporation’s repurchase right
shall lapse, upon the Optionee’s completion of one (1) year of Board service
measured from the option grant date.
E. Cessation
of Board Service.
The
following provisions shall govern the exercise of any options outstanding at
the
time of the Optionee’s cessation of Board service:
(i) Any
option outstanding at the time of the Optionee’s cessation of Board service for
any reason shall remain exercisable for a twelve (12)-month period following
the
date of such cessation of Board service, but in no event shall such option
be
exercisable after the expiration of the option term.
(ii) Any
option exercisable in whole or in part by the Optionee at the time of death
may
be subsequently exercised by his or her Beneficiary.
(iii) Following
the Optionee’s cessation of Board service, the option may not be exercised in
the aggregate for more than the number of shares for which the option was
exercisable on the date of such cessation of Board service. Upon the expiration
of the applicable exercise period or (if earlier) upon the expiration of the
option term, the option shall terminate and cease to be outstanding for any
vested shares for which the option has not been exercised. However, the option
shall, immediately upon the Optionee’s cessation of Board service, terminate and
cease to be outstanding for any and all shares for which the option is not
otherwise at that time exercisable.
(iv) However,
should the Optionee cease to serve as a Board member by reason of death or
Permanent Disability, then all shares at the time subject to the option shall
immediately vest so that such option may, during the twelve (12)-month exercise
period following such cessation of Board service, be exercised for all or any
portion of those shares as fully-vested shares of Common Stock.
|
II. |
CHANGE
IN CONTROL/HOSTILE
TAKE-OVER
|
A. In
the
event of any Change in Control or Hostile Take-Over, the shares of
Common
Stock at the time subject to each outstanding option but not otherwise vested
shall automatically vest in full so that each such option may, immediately
prior
to the effective date of such Change in Control or Hostile Take-Over, became
fully exercisable for all of the shares of Common Stock at the time subject
to
such option and maybe exercised for all or any of those shares as fully-vested
shares of Common Stock. Each such option accelerated in connection with a Change
in Control shall terminate upon the Change in Control, except to the extent
assumed by the successor corporation (or parent thereof) or otherwise continued
in full force and effect pursuant to the terms of the Change in Control. Each
such option accelerated in connection with a Hostile Take-Over shall remain
exercisable until the expiration or sooner termination of the option
term.
B. All
outstanding repurchase rights shall automatically terminate and the shares
of
Common Stock subject to those terminated rights shall immediately vest in full,
in the event of any Change in Control or Hostile Take-Over.
C. Upon
the
occurrence of a Hostile Take-Over, the Optionee shall have a thirty (30)-day
period in which to surrender to the Corporation each of his or her outstanding
options. The Optionee shall in return be entitled to a cash distribution from
the Corporation in an amount equal to the excess of (i) the Option Surrender
Value of the shares of Common Stock at the time subject to each surrendered
option (whether or not the option is otherwise at the time exercisable for
those
shares) over (ii) the aggregate exercise price payable for such shares. Such
cash distribution shall be paid within five (5) days following the surrender
of
the option to the Corporation.
D. Each
option which is assumed in connection with a Change in Control shall be
appropriately adjusted to apply to the number and class of securities which
would have been issuable to the Optionee in consummation of such Change in
Control had the option been exercised immediately prior to such Change in
Control. Appropriate adjustments shall also be made to the exercise price
payable per share under each outstanding option, provided
the
aggregate exercise price payable for such securities shall remain the same.
To
the extent the actual holders of the Corporation’s outstanding Common Stock
receive cash consideration for their Common Stock in consummation of the Change
in Control, the successor corporation may, in connection with the assumption
of
the outstanding options, substitute one or more shares of its own common stock
with a fair market value equivalent to the cash consideration paid per share
of
Common Stock in such Change in Control.
The
remaining terms of each option granted under the Automatic Option Grant Program
shall be the same as the terms in effect for options made under the
Discretionary Option Grant Program.
ARTICLE
SIX
DIRECTOR
FEE OPTION GRANT PROGRAM
The
Board
may implement the Director Fee Option Grant Program as of the first day of
any
calendar year beginning after the Underwriting Date. Upon such implementation
of
the Program, each non-employee Board member may elect to apply all or any
portion of the annual retainer fee otherwise payable in cash for his or her
service on the Board to the acquisition of a special option grant under this
Director Fee Option Grant Program. Such election must be filed with the
Corporation’s Chief Financial Officer prior to the first day of the calendar
year for which the election is to be in effect. Each non-employee Board member
who files such a timely election with respect to the annul retainer fee shall
automatically be granted an option under this Director Fee Option Grant Program
on the first trading day in January in the calendar year for which that fee
would otherwise be payable.
Each
option shall be a Non-Statutory Option governed by the terms and conditions
specified below.
A. Exercise
Price.
1. The
exercise price per share shall be thirty-three and one-third percent (33-1/3%)
of the Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock on the option grant
date.
2. The
exercise price shall become immediately due upon exercise of the option and
shall be payable in one or more of the alternative forms authorized under the
Discretionary Option Grant Program. Except to the extent the sale and remittance
procedure specified thereunder is utilized, payment of the exercise price for
the purchased shares must be made on the Exercise Date.
B. Number
of Option Shares.
The
number of shares of Common Stock subject to the option shall be determined
pursuant to the following formula (rounded down to the nearest whole
number):
X
= A ÷
(B x 66-2/3%), where
X
is the
number of option shares,
A
is the
portion of the annual retainer fee subject to the non-employee Board member’s
election, and
B
is the
Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock on the option grant date.
C. Exercise
and Term of Options.
The
option shall become exercisable in a series of twelve (12) successive equal
monthly installments upon the Optionee’s completion of each month of Board
service during the calendar year in which the option is granted. Each option
shall have a maximum term of ten (10) years measured from the option grant
date.
D. Cessation
of Board Service.
Should
the Optionee cease Board service for any reason (other than death or Permanent
Disability) while holding one or more options, then each such option shall
remain exercisable, for any or all of the shares for which the option is
exercisable at the time of such cessation of Board service, until the
earlier
of (i)
the expiration of the ten (10)-year option term or (ii) the expiration of the
three (3)-year period measured from the date of such cessation of Board service.
However, each option held by the Optionee at the time of such cessation of
Board
service shall immediately terminate and cease to remain outstanding with respect
to any and all shares of Common Stock for which the option is not otherwise
at
that time exercisable.
E. Death
or Permanent Disability.
Should
the Optionee’s service as a Board member cease by reason of death or Permanent
Disability, then each option held by such Optionee shall immediately become
exercisable for all the shares of Common Stock at the time subject to that
option, and the option may be exercised for any or all of those shares as
fully-vested shares until the earlier
of (i)
the expiration of the ten (10)-year option term or (ii) the expiration of the
three (3)-year period measured from the date of such cessation of Board
service.
Should
the Optionee die after cessation of Board service but while holding one or
more
options, then each such option may be exercised, for any or all of the shares
for which the option is exercisable at the time of the Optionee’s cessation of
Board service (less any shares subsequently purchased by Optionee prior to
death), by the Optionee’s Beneficiary. Such right of exercise shall lapse, and
the option shall terminate, upon the earlier
of (i)
the expiration of the ten (10)-year option term or (ii) the three (3)-year
period measured from the date of the Optionee’s cessation of Board service.
|
III. |
CHANGE
IN CONTROL/HOSTILE
TAKE-OVER
|
A. In
the
event of any Change in Control or Hostile Take-Over while the Optionee remains
in Board service, each outstanding option held by such Optionee shall
automatically accelerate so that each such option shall, immediately prior
to
the effective date of the Change in Control or Hostile Take-Over, become fully
exercisable with respect to the total number of shares of Common Stock at the
time subject to such option and may be exercised for any or all of those shares
as fully-vested shares of Common Stock. Each such option accelerated in
connection with a Change in Control shall terminate upon the Change in Control,
except to the extent assumed by the successor corporation (or parent thereof)
or
otherwise expressly continued in full force and effect pursuant to the terms
of
the Change in Control. Each such option accelerated in connection with a Hostile
Take-Over shall remain exercisable until the expiration or sooner termination
of
the option term.
B. Upon
the
occurrence of a Hostile Take-Over, the Optionee shall have a thirty (30)-day
period in which to surrender to the Corporation each of his or her outstanding
options. The Optionee shall in return be entitled to a cash distribution from
the Corporation in an amount equal to the excess of (i) the Option Surrender
Value of the shares of Common Stock at the time subject to each surrendered
option (whether or not the Optionee is otherwise at the time vested in those
shares) over (ii) the aggregate exercise price payable for such shares. Such
cash distribution shall be paid within five (5) days following the surrender
of
the option to the Corporation.
C. Each
option which is assumed in connection with a Change in Control shall be
appropriately adjusted, immediately after such Change in Control, to apply
to
the number and class of securities which would have been issuable to the
Optionee in consummation of such Change in Control had the option been exercised
immediately prior to such Change in Control. Appropriate adjustments shall
also
be made to the exercise price payable per share under each outstanding option,
provided
the
aggregate exercise price payable for such securities shall remain the same.
To
the extent the actual holders of the Corporation’s outstanding Common Stock
receive cash consideration for their Common Stock in consummation of the Change
in Control, the successor corporation may, in connection with the assumption
of
the outstanding options under the Director Fee Option Grant Program, substitute
one or more shares of its own common stock with a fair market value equivalent
to the cash consideration paid per share of Common Stock in such Change in
Control.
The
remaining terms of each option granted under this Director Fee Option Grant
Program shall be the same as the terms in effect for options made under the
Discretionary Option Grant Program.
ARTICLE
SEVEN
MISCELLANEOUS
|
I. |
NO
IMPAIRMENT OF AUTHORITY
|
Outstanding
awards shall in no way affect the right of the Corporation to adjust,
reclassify, reorganize or otherwise change its capital or business structure
or
to merge, consolidate, dissolve, liquidate or sell or transfer all or any part
of its business or assets.
The
Plan
Administrator may permit any Optionee or Participant to pay the option exercise
price under the Discretionary Option Grant Program or the purchase price of
shares issued under the Stock Issuance Program by delivering a full-recourse,
interest bearing promissory note payable in one or more installments. The terms
of any such promissory note (including the interest rate and the terms of
repayment) shall be established by the Plan Administrator in its sole
discretion. In no event may the maximum credit available to the Optionee or
Participant exceed the sum of (i) the aggregate option exercise price or
purchase price payable for the purchased shares (less the par value of such
shares) plus (ii) any Federal, state and local income and employment tax
liability incurred by the Optionee or the Participant in connection with the
option exercise or share purchase. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no Optionee
or
Participant may utilize this Section in violation of the prohibition on personal
loans to or for executive officers or directors contained in Section 402 of
the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
A. The
Corporation’s obligation to deliver shares of Common Stock upon the exercise of
options or the issuance or vesting of such shares under the Plan shall be
subject to the satisfaction of all applicable Federal, state and local income
and employment tax withholding requirements.
B. The
Plan
Administrator may, in its discretion, provide any or all holders of
Non-Statutory Options or unvested shares of Common Stock under the Plan with
the
right to use shares of Common Stock in satisfaction of all or part of the
Withholding Taxes incurred by such holders in connection with the exercise
of
their options or the vesting of their shares. Such right may be provided to
any
such holder in either or both of the following formats:
Stock
Withholding:
The
election to have the Corporation withhold, from the shares of Common Stock
otherwise issuable upon the exercise of such Non-Statutory Option or the vesting
of such shares, a portion of those shares with an aggregate Fair Market Value
equal to the percentage of the Withholding Taxes (not to exceed one hundred
percent (100%)) designated by the holder.
Stock
Delivery:
The
election to deliver to the Corporation, at the time the Non-Statutory Option
is
exercised or the shares vest, one or more shares of Common Stock previously
acquired by such holder (other than in connection with the option exercise
or
share vesting triggering the Withholding Taxes) with an aggregate Fair Market
Value equal to the percentage of the Taxes (not to exceed one hundred percent
(100%)) designated by the holder.
|
IV. |
EFFECTIVE
DATE AND TERM OF THE PLAN
|
A. The
Plan
shall become effective immediately upon the Plan Effective Date. However, the
Salary Investment Option Grant and Director Fee Option Grant Programs shall
not
be implemented until such time as the Primary Committee or the Board may deem
appropriate. Options may be granted under the Discretionary Option Grant Program
at any time on or after the Plan Effective Date. However, no options granted
under the Plan may be exercised, and no shares shall be issued under the Plan,
until the Plan is approved by the Corporation’s stockholders. If such
stockholder approval is not obtained within twelve (12) months after the Plan
Effective Date, then all options previously granted under this Plan shall
terminate and cease to be outstanding, and no further options shall be granted
and no shares shall be issued under the Plan.
B. The
Plan
shall serve as the successor to the Predecessor Plan, and no further options
or
direct stock issuances shall be made under the Predecessor Plan after the
Section 12 Registration Date. All options outstanding under the Predecessor
Plan
on the Section 12 Registration Date shall be incorporated into the Plan at
that
time and shall be treated as outstanding options under the Plan. However, each
outstanding option so incorporated shall continue to be governed solely by
the
terms of the documents evidencing such option, and no provision of the Plan
shall be deemed to affect or otherwise modify the rights or obligations of
the
holders of such incorporated options with respect to their acquisition of shares
of Common Stock.
C. One
or
more provisions of the Plan, including (without limitation) the option/vesting
acceleration provisions of Article Two relating to Changes in Control, may,
in
the Plan Administrator’s discretion, be extended to one or more options
incorporated from the Predecessor Plan which do not otherwise contain such
provisions.
D. The
Plan
shall terminate upon the earliest
of
(i) March 20, 2010, (ii) the date on which all shares available
for
issuance under the Plan shall have been issued as fully-vested shares or (iii)
the termination of all outstanding options in connection with a Change in
Control. Upon such plan termination, all outstanding options and unvested stock
issuances shall thereafter continue to have force and effect in accordance
with
the provisions of the documents evidencing such grants or
issuances.
A. The
Board
shall have complete and exclusive power and authority to amend or modify the
Plan in any or all respects. However, no such amendment or modification shall
adversely affect the rights and obligations with respect to stock options or
unvested stock issuances at the time outstanding under the Plan unless the
Optionee or the Participant consents to such amendment or modification. In
addition, certain amendments may require stockholder approval pursuant to
applicable laws or regulations.
B. Options
to purchase shares of Common Stock may be granted under the Discretionary Option
Grant and Salary Investment Option Grant Programs and shares of Common
Stock may be issued under the Stock Issuance Program that are in each instance
in excess of the number of shares then available for issuance under the Plan,
provided any excess shares actually issued under those programs shall be held
in
escrow until there is obtained stockholder approval of an amendment sufficiently
increasing the number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance under
the
Plan. If such stockholder approval is not obtained within twelve (12) months
after the date the first such excess issuances are made, then (i) any
unexercised options granted on the basis of such excess shares shall terminate
and cease to be outstanding and (ii) the Corporation shall promptly refund
to
the Optionees and the Participants the exercise or purchase price paid for
any
excess shares issued under the Plan and held in escrow, together with interest
(at the applicable Short Term Federal Rate) for the period the shares were
held
in escrow, and such shares shall thereupon be automatically cancelled and cease
to be outstanding.
Any
cash
proceeds received by the Corporation from the sale of shares of Common Stock
under the Plan shall be used for general corporate purposes.
|
VII. |
REGULATORY
APPROVALS
|
A. The
implementation of the Plan, the granting of any stock option under the Plan
and
the issuance of any shares of Common Stock (i) upon the exercise of any granted
option or (ii) under the Stock Issuance Program shall be subject to the
Corporation’s procurement of all approvals and permits required by regulatory
authorities having jurisdiction over the Plan, the stock options granted under
it and the shares of Common Stock issued pursuant to it.
B. No
shares
of Common Stock or other assets shall be issued or delivered under the Plan
unless and until there shall have been compliance with all applicable
requirements of Federal and state securities laws and all applicable listing
requirements of any stock exchange (or the Nasdaq Stock Market, if applicable)
on which Common Stock is then listed for trading, and shall be further subject
to the approval of counsel for the Corporation with respect to such compliance.
|
VIII. |
NO
EMPLOYMENT/SERVICE RIGHTS
|
Nothing
in the Plan shall confer upon the Optionee or the Participant any right to
continue in Service for any period of specific duration or interfere with or
otherwise restrict in any way the rights of the Corporation (or any Parent
or
Subsidiary employing or retaining such person) or of the Optionee or the
Participant, which rights are hereby expressly reserved by each, to terminate
such person’s Service at any time for any reason, with or without
cause.
APPENDIX
A
The
following definitions shall be in effect under the Plan:
A. Automatic
Option Grant Program
shall
mean the automatic option grant program in effect under the Plan.
B. Beneficiary
shall
mean, in the event the Plan Administrator implements a beneficiary designation
procedure, the person designated by an Optionee or Participant, pursuant to
such
procedure, to succeed to such person’s rights under any outstanding awards held
by him or her at the time of death. In the absence of such designation or
procedure, the Beneficiary shall be the personal representative of the estate
of
the Optionee or Participant or the person or persons to whom the award is
transferred by will or the laws of inheritance.
C. Board
shall
mean the Corporation’s Board of Directors.
D. Change
in Control shall
mean a change in ownership or control of the Corporation effected through any
of
the following transactions:
(i) a
merger,
consolidation or reorganization approved by the Corporation’s stockholders,
unless
securities representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the total combined
voting power of the voting securities of the successor corporation are
immediately thereafter beneficially owned, directly or indirectly and in
substantially the same proportion, by the persons who beneficially owned the
Corporation’s outstanding voting securities immediately prior to such
transaction,
(ii) any
stockholder-approved transfer or other disposition of all or substantially
all
of the Corporation’s assets, or
(iii) the
acquisition, directly or indirectly by any person or related group of persons
(other than the Corporation or a person that directly or indirectly controls,
is
controlled by, or is under common control with, the Corporation), of beneficial
ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 of the 1934 Act) of securities
possessing more than fifty percent (50%) of the total combined voting power
of
the Corporation’s outstanding securities pursuant to a tender or exchange offer
made directly to the Corporation’s stockholders which the Board recommends such
stockholders accept.
E. Code shall
mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
F. Common
Stock
shall
mean the Corporation’s common stock.
G. Corporation shall
mean LivePerson, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and any corporate successor
to
all or substantially all of the assets or voting stock of LivePerson, Inc.
which
shall by appropriate action adopt the Plan.
H. Director
Fee Option Grant Program
shall
mean the director fee option grant program in effect under the
Plan.
I. Discretionary
Option Grant Program shall
mean the discretionary option grant program in effect under the
Plan.
J. Employee shall
mean an individual who is in the employ of the Corporation (or any Parent or
Subsidiary), subject to the control and direction of the employer entity as
to
both the work to be performed and the manner and method of
performance.
K. Exercise
Date shall
mean the date on which the Corporation shall have received written notice of
the
option exercise.
L. Fair
Market Value per
share
of Common Stock on any relevant date shall be determined in accordance with
the
following provisions:
(i) If
the
Common Stock is at the time traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market, then the Fair
Market Value shall be the closing selling price per share of Common Stock on
the
date in question, as such price is reported on the Nasdaq Stock Market or any
successor system and in The Wall Street Journal. If there is no closing selling
price for the Common Stock on the date in question, then the Fair Market Value
shall be the closing selling price on the last preceding date for which such
quotation exists.
(ii) If
the
Common Stock is at the time listed on any Stock Exchange, then the Fair Market
Value shall be the closing selling price per share of Common Stock on the date
in question on the Stock Exchange determined by the Plan Administrator to be
the
primary market for the Common Stock, as such price is officially quoted in
the
composite tape of transactions on such exchange and reported in The Wall Street
Journal. If there is no closing selling price for the Common Stock on the date
in question, then the Fair Market Value shall be the closing selling price
on
the last preceding date for which such quotation exists.
(iii) For
purposes of any option grants made on the Underwriting Date, the Fair Market
Value shall be deemed to be equal to the price per share at which the Common
Stock is to be sold in the initial public offering pursuant to the Underwriting
Agreement.
(iv) For
purposes of any options made prior to the Underwriting Date, the Fair Market
Value shall be determined by the Plan Administrator, after taking into account
such factors as it deems appropriate.
M. Hostile
Take-Over
shall
mean:
(i) the
acquisition, directly or indirectly, by any person or related group of persons
(other than the Corporation or a person that directly or indirectly controls,
is
controlled by, or is under common control with, the Corporation) of beneficial
ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 of the 1934 Act) of securities
possessing more than fifty percent (50%) of the total combined voting power
of
the Corporation’s outstanding securities pursuant to a tender or exchange offer
made directly to the Corporation’s stockholders which the Board does not
recommend such stockholders to accept, or
(ii) a
change
in the composition of the Board over a period of thirty-six (36) consecutive
months or less such that a majority of the Board members ceases, by reason
of
one or more contested elections for Board membership, to be comprised of
individuals who either (A) have been Board members continuously since the
beginning of such period or (B) have been elected or nominated for election
as
Board members during such period by at least a majority of the Board members
described in clause (A) who were still in office at the time the Board approved
such election or nomination.
N. Incentive
Option
shall
mean an option which satisfies the requirements of Code Section
422.
O. Involuntary
Termination shall
mean the termination of the Service of any individual which occurs by reason
of:
(i) such
individual’s involuntary dismissal or discharge by the Corporation for reasons
other than Misconduct, or
(ii) such
individual’s voluntary resignation following (A) a change in his or her position
with the Corporation or Parent or Subsidiary employing the individual which
materially reduces his or her duties and responsibilities or the level of
management to which he or she reports, (B) a reduction in his or her level
of
compensation (including base salary, fringe benefits and target bonus under
any
corporate-performance based bonus or incentive programs) by more than fifteen
percent (15%) or (C) a relocation of such individual’s place of employment by
more than fifty (50) miles, provided and only if such change, reduction
or
relocation is effected by the Corporation without the individual’s
consent.
P. Misconduct shall
mean the commission of any act of fraud, embezzlement or dishonesty by the
Optionee or Participant, any unauthorized use or disclosure by such person
of
confidential information or trade secrets of the Corporation (or any Parent
or
Subsidiary), or any intentional wrongdoing by such person, whether by omission
or commission, which adversely affects the business or affairs of the
Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary) in a material manner. This shall
not
limit the grounds for the dismissal or discharge of any person in the Service
of
the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary).
Q. 1934
Act
shall
mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
R. Non-Statutory
Option shall
mean an option not intended to satisfy the requirements of Code Section
422.
S. Option
Surrender Value
shall
mean the Fair Market Value per share of Common Stock on the date the option
is
surrendered to the Corporation or, in the event of a Hostile Take-Over, effected
through a tender offer, the highest reported price per share of Common Stock
paid by the tender offeror in effecting such Hostile Take-Over, if greater.
However, if the surrendered option is an Incentive Option, the Option Surrender
Value shall not exceed the Fair Market Value per share.
T. Optionee shall
mean any person to whom an option is granted under the Discretionary Option
Grant, Salary Investment Option Grant, Automatic Option Grant or Director Fee
Option Grant Program.
U. Parent shall
mean any corporation (other than the Corporation) in an unbroken chain of
corporations ending with the Corporation, provided each corporation in the
unbroken chain (other than the Corporation) owns, at the time of the
determination, stock possessing fifty percent (50%) or more of the total
combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other corporations
in such chain.
V. Participant shall
mean any person who is issued shares of Common Stock under the Stock Issuance
Program.
W. Performance
Goals, as
defined in Article Four and Appendix
B,
shall
mean specified performance objectives as determined by the Plan
Administrator.
X. Permanent
Disability or Permanently Disabled shall
mean the inability of the Optionee or the Participant to engage in any
substantial gainful activity by reason of any medically determinable physical
or
mental impairment expected to result in death or to be of continuous duration
of
twelve (12) months or more. However, solely for purposes of the Automatic Option
Grant and Director Fee Option Grant Programs, Permanent Disability or
Permanently Disabled shall mean the inability of the non-employee Board member
to perform his or her usual duties as a Board member by reason of any medically
determinable physical or mental impairment expected to result in death or to
be
of continuous duration of twelve (12) months or more.
Y. Plan shall
mean the Corporation’s 2000 Stock Incentive Plan, as set forth in this
document.
Z. Plan
Administrator shall
mean the particular entity, whether the Primary Committee, the Board or the
Secondary Committee, which is authorized to administer the Discretionary Option
Grant, Salary Investment Option Grant and Stock Issuance Programs with respect
to one or more classes of eligible persons, to the extent such entity is
carrying out its administrative functions under those programs with respect
to
the persons under its jurisdiction. However, the Primary Committee shall have
the plenary authority to make all factual determinations and to construe and
interpret any and all ambiguities under the Plan to the extent such authority
is
not otherwise expressly delegated to any other Plan Administrator.
AA. Plan
Effective Date
shall
mean March 21, 2000, the date on which the Plan was adopted by the
Board.
BB. Predecessor
Plan
shall
mean the Corporation’s pre-existing Stock Option and Restricted Stock Purchase
Plan in effect immediately prior to the Plan Effective Date
hereunder.
CC. Primary
Committee shall
mean the committee of two (2) or more non-employee Board members appointed
by
the Board (each of whom is intended to be a “Non-Employee Director” (within the
meaning of Rule 16b-3), an “independent director” (within the meaning of NASD
Rule 4200(a)(15) or such other applicable stock exchange rule) and an “outside
director” (within the meaning of Code Section 162(m)) to administer the
Discretionary Option Grant and Stock Issuance Programs with respect to Section
16 Insiders and to administer the Salary Investment Option Grant Program with
respect to all eligible individuals.
DD. Rule
16b-3
shall
mean Rule 16b-3 of the 1934 Act or any successor to Rule 16b-3, as in effect
when discretion is being exercised with respect to the Plan.
EE. Salary
Investment Option Grant Program
shall
mean the salary investment grant program in effect under the Plan.
FF. Secondary
Committee shall
mean a committee of one (1) or more Board members appointed by the Board to
administer the Discretionary Option Grant and Stock Issuance Programs with
respect to eligible persons other than Section 16 Insiders.
GG. Section
12 Registration Date
shall
mean the date on which the Common Stock is first registered under Section 12(g)
of the 1934 Act.
HH. Section
16 Insider shall
mean an officer or director of the Corporation subject to the short-swing profit
liabilities of Section 16 of the 1934 Act.
II. Service shall
mean the performance of services for the Corporation (or any Parent or
Subsidiary) by a person in the capacity of an Employee, a non-employee member
of
the board of directors or a consultant or independent advisor (whether a natural
person or entity), except to the extent otherwise specifically provided in
the
documents evidencing the option grant or stock issuance.
JJ. Stock
Exchange shall
mean either the American Stock Exchange or the New York Stock
Exchange.
KK. Stock
Issuance Program shall
mean the stock issuance program in effect under the Plan.
LL. Subsidiary
shall
mean any corporation (other than the Corporation) in an unbroken chain of
corporations beginning with the Corporation, provided each corporation (other
than the last corporation) in the unbroken chain owns, at the time of the
determination, stock possessing fifty percent (50%) or more of the total
combined voting power of all classes of stock in one of the other corporations
in such chain.
MM. 10%
Stockholder
shall
mean the owner of stock (as determined under Code Section 424(d)) possessing
more than ten percent (10%) of the total combined voting power of all classes
of
stock of the Corporation (or any Parent or Subsidiary).
NN. Underwriting
Agreement
shall
mean the agreement between the Corporation and the underwriter or underwriters
managing the initial public offering of the Common Stock.
OO. Underwriting
Date
shall
mean the date on which the Underwriting Agreement is executed and priced in
connection with an initial public offering of the Common Stock.
PP. Withholding
Taxes
shall
mean the Federal, state and local income and employment withholding tax
liabilities to which the holder of Non-Statutory Options or unvested shares
of
Common Stock may become subject in connection with the exercise of those options
or the vesting of those shares.
APPENDIX
B
Performance
Goals
Performance
goals established for purposes of the grant and/or vesting of Common Stock
intended to be “performance-based” under Section 162(m) of the Code shall be
based on one or more of the following performance goals (“Performance Goals”):
(i) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specified increase in,
enterprise value or value creation targets of the Corporation (or any
subsidiary, division or other operational unit of the Corporation); (ii) the
attainment of certain target levels of, or a percentage increase in after-tax
or
pre-tax profits of the Corporation, including without limitation that
attributable to continuing and/or other operations of the Corporation (or in
either case a subsidiary, division, or other operational unit of the
Corporation); (iii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specified
increase in, operational cash flow of the Corporation (or a subsidiary,
division, or other operational unit of the Corporation); (iv) the attainment
of
a certain level of reduction of, or other specified objectives with regard
to
limiting the level of increase in all or a portion of, the Corporation’s bank
debt or other long-term or short-term public or private debt or other similar
financial obligations of the Corporation, which may be calculated net of cash
balances and/or other offsets and adjustments as may be established by the
Plan
Administrator; (v) the attainment of a specified percentage increase in earnings
per share or earnings per share from continuing operations of the Corporation
(or a subsidiary, division or other operational unit of the Corporation); (vi)
the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specified percentage increase
in, net sales, revenues, net income or earnings before income tax or other
exclusions of the Corporation (or a subsidiary, division, or other operational
unit of the Corporation); (vii) the attainment of certain target levels of,
or a
specified increase in, return on capital employed or return on invested capital
of the Corporation (or any subsidiary, division or other operational unit of
the
Corporation); (viii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a percentage
increase in, after-tax or pre-tax return on stockholder equity of the
Corporation (or any subsidiary, division or other operational unit of the
Corporation); (ix) the attainment of certain target levels in the fair market
value of the shares of the Corporation’s Common Stock; or (x) the growth in the
value of an investment in the Corporation’s Common Stock assuming the
reinvestment of dividends.
In
addition, such Performance Goals may be based upon the attainment of specified
levels of Corporation (or subsidiary, division or other operational unit of
the
Corporation) performance under one or more of the measures described above
relative to the performance of other corporations. To the extent permitted
under
Section 162(m) of the Code, but only to the extent permitted under Section
162(m) of the Code (including, without limitation, compliance with any
requirements for stockholder approval), the Plan Administrator may: (i)
designate additional business criteria on which the Performance Goals may be
based, or (ii) adjust, modify or amend the aforementioned business
criteria.
Exhibit
31.1
CERTIFICATIONS
I,
Robert
P. LoCascio, certify that:
1. I
have
reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of LivePerson, Inc.;
2. Based
on
my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material
fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made,
in
light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading
with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based
on
my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included
in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition,
results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the
periods presented in this report;
4. The
registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing
and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange
Act
Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting
(as
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant
and
have:
(a) Designed
such
disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and
procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material
information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries,
is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during
the
period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed
such
internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control
over
financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable
assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation
of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated
the
effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and
presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the
disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by
this
report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed
in
this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial
reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the
registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has
materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the
registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The
registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most
recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of
directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All
significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation
of
internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to
adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and
report financial information; and
(b) Any
fraud,
whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who
have a
significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial
reporting.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date: August
8, 2005 |
By: |
/s/ Robert
P. LoCascio |
|
|
|
Name:
Robert P. LoCascio
Title: Chief Executive Officer
(principal executive officer)
|
Exhibit
31.2
CERTIFICATIONS
I,
Timothy E. Bixby, certify that:
1. I
have
reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of LivePerson, Inc.;
2. Based
on
my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material
fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made,
in
light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading
with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based
on
my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included
in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition,
results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the
periods presented in this report;
4. The
registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing
and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange
Act
Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting
(as
defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant
and
have:
(a) Designed
such
disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and
procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material
information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries,
is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during
the
period in which this report is being prepared;
(b) Designed
such
internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control
over
financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable
assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation
of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles;
(c) Evaluated
the
effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and
presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the
disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by
this
report based on such evaluation; and
(d) Disclosed
in
this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial
reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the
registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has
materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the
registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5. The
registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most
recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the
registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of
directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a) All
significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation
of
internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to
adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and
report financial information; and
(b) Any
fraud,
whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who
have a
significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial
reporting.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date: August
8, 2005 |
By: |
/s/ Timothy
E. Bixby |
|
|
|
Name:
Timothy E. Bixby
Title:
President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
(principal financial
officer)
|
Exhibit
32.1
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO
18
U.S.C.
SECTION 1350,
AS
ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION
906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I,
Robert
P. LoCascio, Chief Executive Officer of LivePerson, Inc. (the “Company”),
certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section
906
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1)
the
Quarterly Report of the Company on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30,
2005,
as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), fully
complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)
the
information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects,
the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date: August
8, 2005 |
By: |
/s/ Robert
P. LoCascio |
|
|
|
Title:
Chief
Executive Officer
|
|
|
|
|
This
certification shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of
that
section, nor shall it be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any
filing
under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
except
to the extent the Company specifically incorporates it by
reference.
Exhibit
32.2
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO
18
U.S.C.
SECTION 1350,
AS
ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION
906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I,
Timothy E. Bixby, Chief Financial Officer of LivePerson, Inc. (the “Company”),
certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section
906
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:
(1)
the
Quarterly Report of the Company on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30,
2005,
as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”), fully
complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)
the
information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects,
the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Date: August
8, 2005 |
By: |
/s/ Timothy
E. Bixby |
|
|
|
Name:
Timothy
E. Bixby
Title:
President,
Chief Financial Officer and Secretary
|
|
|
|
|
This
certification shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of
that
section, nor shall it be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any
filing
under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
except
to the extent the Company specifically incorporates it by
reference.